Understanding U.S. Farm Exits

The rate at which U.S. farms go out of business, or exit farming, is about 9 or 10 percent per year, comparable to exit rates for nonfarm small businesses in the United States. U.S. farms have not disappeared because the rate of entry into farming is nearly as high as the exit rate. The relatively stable farm count since the 1970s reflects exits and entries essentially in balance. The probability of exit is higher for recent entrants than for older, more established farms. Farms operated by Blacks are more likely to exit than those operated by Whites, but the gap between Black and White exit probabilities has declined substantially since the 1980s. Exit probabilities differ by specialization, with beef farms less likely to exit than cash grain or hog farms.1997 Census of Agriculture Longitudinal File, farm exit, farm entry, farm structure, farm operator characteristics, farm operator life cycle, Agricultural Finance,

FARM OPERATIONS FACING DEVELOPMENT: RESULTS FROM THE CENSUS LONGITUDINAL FILE

This paper examines farms in areas undergoing development, using a longitudinal file constructed by linking several agricultural censuses. Individual farms are followed over the 1982-97 period. Survival, exit, and entrance rates are presented for three types of farms: recreational, adaptive, and traditional. The three types of farms are located where one would expect. Traditional farms are concentrated in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) counties, while adaptive farms are concentrated in metro core counties. Recreational farms are least common in nonmetro nonadjacent areas, where off-farm opportunities are fewest. The concentration of adaptive farms in metro core counties does not appear to be the result of these farms simply surviving an urban environment better than traditional and recreational farms. In fact, adaptive farms have lower survival rates than traditional farms. Adaptive farms instead had a relatively high entrance rate.urban development, urbanization, specialty agriculture, high-value agriculture, farming, farm structure, Farm Management,

Million-Dollar Farms in the New Century

Million-dollar farms—those with annual sales of at least $1 million—accounted for about half of U.S. farm sales in 2002, up from a fourth in 1982 (with sales measured in constant 2002 dollars). By 2006, million-dollar farms, accounting for 2 percent of all U.S. farms, dominated U.S. production of high-value crops, milk, hogs, poultry, and beef. The shift to million-dollar farms is likely to continue because they tend to be more profitable than smaller farms, giving them a competitive advantage. Most million-dollar farms (84 percent) are family farms, that is, the farm operator and relatives of the operator own the business. The million-dollar farms organized as nonfamily corporations tend to have no more than 10 stockholders.Contracting, family farms, farm businesses, farm financial performance, farm-operator household income, farm operators, farm structure, farm type, million-dollar farms, Farm Management,

Small Farms in the United States: Persistence Under Pressure

Ninety-one percent of U.S. farms are classified as small—gross cash farm income (GCFI) of less than $250,000. About 60 percent of these small farms are very small, generating GCFI of less than$10,000. These very small noncommercial farms, in some respects, exist independently of the farm economy because their operators rely heavily on off-farm income. The remaining small farms—small commercial farms—account for most small-farm production. Overall farm production, however, continues to shift to larger operations, while the number of small commercial farms and their share of sales maintain a long-term decline. The shift to larger farms will continue to be gradual, because some small commercial farms are profitable and others are willing to accept losses.Family farms, farm businesses, farm financial performance, farm-operator household income, farm operators, farm structure, noncommercial farms, small farms, small commercial farms, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management,

Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Mucormycosis in a Young Diabetic with End Stage Renal Disease Using Combination Systemic Antifungal Agents

This article reports successful eradication of isolated cutaneous mucormycosis in a young poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patient with end-stage renal disease using a combination of systemic antifungal agents and aggressive surgical debridement.Keywords: Cutaneous Mucormycosis, Diabetic, Echinocandin, Fungal, Liposomal Amphotericin-B, Mucorales, Polyene-Caspofungin Combination, Posaconazol

U.S. Small Farms: Decline and Persistence?

We use two comprehensive and representative USDA databases to assess the performance of small farms in the U.S. Farm production is shifting to much larger farms, and the number of small commercial farms is declining. Most large U.S. farms remain family-owned and operated enterprises, and most remain small businesses by U.S. standards. Small commercial farms tend to focus on three commodities: beef cattle, grains and oilseeds, and poultry. On average, large farm financial returns substantially exceed those on small farms, but the range of performance among small farms is quite wide. About one quarter of the nearly 800,000 small commercial farms show very good financial returns.small farms, structural change, farm income, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q12,

Is methanogenesis related solely to methanogenic archaea?

https://doi.org/10.15157/publication-0

Acute management of hyperlipaemic pancreatitis: a successful reduction in triglyceride levels with simultaneous insulin infusion and plasma exchange

We report on a case in which a combination of an insulin infusion and plasma exchange were successfully used in the acute management of hyperlipaemic pancreatitis.Keywords: acute pancreatitis, anti-TNF agent, AP, hyperlipaemic pancreatitis, hypertriglyceridaemia, infliximab, insulin infusion, plasma exchang