Profitability development of milk production on the Czech Republic in 2002-2010

This paper examines development of the Czech agriculture through profitability of the dairy - milk in time horizon 2002-2010. The analyse base of the methodology and the database published by Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information in Prague. The aim of the paper is to give an objective information about influence of agrarian policy on the development of milk production, especially with reference to comparison of changes in the pre-accession (period I = 2002-2003) and in the after-accession of CR to the EU with consistent producer prices of milk (period II = 2004-2008) and with reduced producer prices of milk (prediction of period III = 2009-2010). This deals with the economic position of Czech producers related to the most considerable livestock commodity of the Czech agriculture through 2 indicators, profitability without supports (R-S) and profitability with supports (R+S). There was proved that profitability R+S in the period I was negative for dairy sector. In connection with the membership of CR in EU agricultural supports significantly increased for dairy sector as the consequence of applying of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the Czech agriculture. Therefore there were monitored in the period II important positive changes of the indicator R+S for milk commodity. In the connection with the decrease of producer prices in the period III there was found important downgrade of this indicator. For the Czech Republic there were obtained following milk production values of R+S in the period I, resp. II and III 2,1 %, resp. 10,8 and –7,4 %.Common Agricultural Policy, milk profitability, supports, Livestock Production/Industries,

Simulation of Livestock Breeding Economics in Conditions of the EU

In the paper there are described mathematical principles of biological, technological and economic model relations and connections in animal breeding on which the mathematical model AGRO-ZV is based. With the model it is possible to simulate impacts of the agricultural policy on livestock breeding economics and commodity economics in dependence on different agricultural policy variants. In the article there is illustrated a usage of the model for simulation of dairy cattle economics before (2003) and after (2004) the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU.mathematical modeling, livestock breeding, dairy cattle econmics, model AGRO-ZV, Livestock Production/Industries,

Czechoslovakia in 1989: a case of successful transition

'Für die europäischen Länder des kommunistischen Blocks bedeutete das Jahr 1989 das Ende der nicht-demokratischen Regime und den Beginn des Übergangs zur Demokratie. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Transformationsprozesse in der (ehemaligen) Tschechoslowakei vom undemokratischen Regime hin zu einem demokratischen Staat in den Jahren 1989/90. Er konzentriert sich dabei auf die Spezifik des kommunistischen Regimes, seine Endphase, den Untergang, die Transition zur Demokratie und deren Charakteristik. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Konsolidierung der politischen Parteien. Die Besonderheiten des tschechoslowakischen Falls werden durch eine vergleichende Einordnung sichtbar.' (Autorenreferat

Regulación positiva respecto al criterio de estudios satisfactorio - pensión de orfandad, genera interpretación subjetiva en perjuicio de los beneficiarios

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo general establecer de qué manera la regulación positiva respecto al criterio de estudios satisfactorio - pensión de orfandad, genera interpretación subjetiva en perjuicio de los beneficiarios, para lo cual se utiliza el enfoque cualitativo, aplicando el método deductivo, el tipo de investigación siendo el diseño de investigación, se usó la entrevista como técnica para aplicar el instrumento. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que la intervención de la regulación positiva respecto al criterio de estudios satisfactorios en la pensión de orfandad del sistema nacional previsional, genera una interpretación subjetiva en perjuicio de los beneficiarios, lo cual es resultante de la no aplicación o limitación de criterios para que el solicitante pueda gozar de una pensión de orfandad cuando este cursando estudios satisfactorios y sea mayor de 18 años de edad

La sentencia penal que suspende la ejecución de la pena y el pago de la reparación civil como su requisito de procedibilidad Perú, 2017

La presente tesis se ha realizado con el propósito de dar a conocer la importancia sociojurídico de reparación civil, como una alternativa de solución a la ineficacia de la sentencia penal, cuando se trata de resarcir los daños a la víctimas de la delincuencia en el Perú, que se hace presente cuando el agente es beneficiado con la suspensión de la pena y en gran parte debido a la falta de voluntad del agente para resarcir el daño a la víctima aunado a una antinomia de normas, la cual lo favorece, para realizar la investigación se utilizó en el proceso las técnicas de la entrevista, cuestionario y análisis documental y sus respectivos instrumentos de aspectos metodológicos a efectos de recabar y obtener la información veraz y sustancial que logren enriquecer los objetivos de la presente investigación, para lo cual, para mi muestra y con un criterio inclusivo, dentro de la caracterización de sujetos y por su amplia trayectoria, se ha entrevistado a autoridades especializadas en materia penal, como magistrados los cuales específicamente laboran el poder judicial y ministerio público. De igual modo se ha realizado cuestionarios a personal trabajador del poder judicial, ministerio público, abogados, estudiantes de derecho y personas que se han visto afectados en estos procesos, finalmente se analizó las distintas fuentes doctrinarias, normativas y jurisprudenciales de los últimos años y utilizando los conceptos de investigadores anteriores, siendo todo ello analizado para ser materia de discusión en el capítulo IV

Effect of flow velocity and temperature on ignition characteristics in laser ignition of natural gas and air mixtures

Laser induced spark ignition offers the potential for greater reliability and consistency in ignition of lean air/fuel mixtures. This increased reliability is essential for the application of gas turbines as primary or secondary reserve energy sources in smart grid systems, enabling the integration of renewable energy sources whose output is prone to fluctuation over time. This work details a study into the effect of flow velocity and temperature on minimum ignition energies in laser-induced spark ignition in an atmospheric combustion test rig, representative of a sub 15 MW industrial gas turbine (Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd., Lincoln UK). Determination of minimum ignition energies required for a range of temperatures and flow velocities is essential for establishing an operating window in which laser-induced spark ignition can operate under realistic, engine-like start conditions. Ignition of a natural gas and air mixture at atmospheric pressure was conducted using a laser ignition system utilizing a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser source operating at 532 nm wavelength and 4 ns pulse length. Analysis of the influence of flow velocity and temperature on ignition characteristics is presented in terms of required photon flux density, a useful parameter to consider during the development laser ignition systems

Dialogue-based Information Retrieval from Images

Our concept of communicative images aims to provide graphical information by means of dialogue interaction, which is suitable for people with various disabilities. Communicative images are graphical objects integrated with a dialogue interface and linked to an associated knowledge database which stores the semantics of the objects depicted. This paper deals with the utilization of formal ontologies for the process of image annotation and dialogue-based investigation in the context of assistive technologies

Kinetic and thermodynamic description of intermediary phases formation in Ti-Al system during reactive sintering

Reactive sintering is currently considered as a promising production route for titanium aluminides in many research works. However, the published descriptions of the reaction mechanism are contradictory or lacking, especially at the temperatures below the melting point of aluminium. This work aims to fill this gap, providing the description of the reactive sintering process at the temperatures between 400 and 900 degrees C. The phases' formation sequence and reaction kinetics were studied and explained using experimental model (Ti/Al diffusion couple) and real reactively sintered samples of equiatomic Ti-Al compressed powder blend. Moreover, phase formation was thermodynamically assessed. It was revealed that Ti2Al5 phase formed preferentially. This phase has not been reported previously as a starting phase in reactive sintering. According to results obtained by experimental model, its formation is controlled by diffusion at 700 degrees C. This phase reacted with aluminium forming pure TiAl3 phase or with titanium, resulting in TiAl phase. Subsequently, TiAl phase reacted with titanium, leading to the Ti3Al phase, or with already present Ti2Al5 phase yielding TiAl2 intermetallic compound. Titanium-rich Ti3Al phase could form only at the temperature of 600 degrees C or above