Cytotoxic effect of eudesmanolides isolated from flowers of Tanacetum vulgare ssp. siculum

A phytochemical analysis of the dichloromethane extract from the flowers of a subspecies of Tanacetum vulgare growing in Sicily was carried out. Five known sesquiterpene lactones with the eudesmane skeleton have been isolated and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds was tested in vitro on A549 (human lung carcinoma epithelial-like) and V79379A (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast-like) cells using the tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay. All of tested compounds induced high time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects

Experimental investigation of relationship between trauma and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis

Background: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) disease is rare, but there are serious side-effects of BP therapy in patients. In some patients, surgery is needed and could not be cured. Astandard test is not available showing the risk of jaw osteonecrosis in routine use. The measurement of serum C.terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels has been used in diseases of BRONJ resorption and antiresorptive therapy.Aim: This paper is aimed at investigating the relationship between  traumatic procedures and presence of BP-related osteonecrosis.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats with weighing 200 } 20 g were used for the experimental procedures. Rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 10 rats as follows: Group 1 (traumatic extraction group), Group 2 (atraumatic extraction group), and Group 3 (control group). All groups, zoledronic acid (ZA) (0.3  mg/kg/week)[1] was diluted with physiological saline and given  subcutaneously for 2 months. After the 2 months, Group 1 was subjected totraumatic extraction of right first lower molars, and Group 2 was subjected to atraumatic extractions of the right first lower molars. Group 3 was subjected to no extractions as a control group. Animals were euthanized 32 days after tooth extractions, and the ZA administration protocol was maintained until the animalsf death. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for C-terminal cross.linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX.1) levels, clinical and radiological findings were recorded.Results: The bone resorption marker CTX-1 showed a significant difference among the groups. CTX-1 was measured significantly higher in blood samples of Group 2 (4.15 } 0.34; P = 0.001) than Group 1 (3.77 } 0.34; P = 0.0001). No, statistically significant changes were found between Groups 1 and 2 as for clinical and radiological assessment.Conclusion: This study provides preliminary observations for the  development of an animal model of BRONJ. Although clinical and  radiological findings were not relevant, serum CTX values are reliable biochemical markers for predicting BRONJ and also atraumatic surgical procedures are important to prevent BRONJ.Key words: Bisphosphonates, bone, osteonecrosis, prevention, serum C-terminal telopeptide leve

Concentração de fluoreto em arroz, feijão e alimentos infantis industrializados

OBJETIVO: Determinar a concentração de fluoreto na refeição brasileira típica (arroz e feijão) e em alimentos infantis industrializados e estimar suas contribuições para fluorose dental. MÉTODOS: Os alimentos foram adquiridos de supermercados das cidades de Piracicaba e Campinas, SP, Brasil. Os alimentos infantis industrializados foram comprados em 2001 e o arroz e feijão em 2003, e imediatamente analisados. Foram analisadas três marcas de arroz, três de feijão e 36 amostras de alimentos infantis divididos em cinco grupos: prontos para o consumo; mingaus; alimentos formulados; leites em pó e outros alimentos. No arroz e feijão, foram determinadas as concentrações de fluoreto nas sementes "in natura" e após cozimento com água destilada ou fluoretada (0,7 ppm). Todas as análises de fluoreto foram feitas com eletrodo específico. Considerou-se 0,07 mg/kg/dia como a dose limite de exposição a fluoreto para risco de fluorose. RESULTADOS: A concentração de fluoreto encontrada nos grãos de arroz e feijão foi baixa. Porém, a concentração aumentou 100-200 vezes após cozimento em água fluoretada e mesmo assim, foi menor que a encontrada em alguns alimentos industrializados. Uma refeição com arroz e feijão preparada com água fluoretada seria responsável por 29% da dose limite de ingestão de fluoreto em termos de fluorose aceitável; a contribuição de alguns alimentos industrializados atingiria 45%. CONCLUSÕES: A alimentação típica brasileira, mesmo preparada com água fluoretada, é mais segura em termos de risco de fluorose dental que alguns alimentos infantis industrializados

Three-dimensional evaluation of the effect of low-level laser therapy on facial swelling after lower third molar surgery: A randomized, placebocontrolled st

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a low‑level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain, trismus, and swelling of patients whose impacted 3rd molar tooth was extracted compared to placebo or “sham” treatment and measure volumetrically the edema with a three‑dimensional (3D) surface imaging device (3dMD face system).Materials and Methods: Forty‑five patients over 17 years of age were included in the study. Patients were randomized to three groups; Group 1, the control group, received only routine management (ice application) (n = 15); Group 2, received single‑dose LLLT immediately after surgery (n = 15); and Group 3, placebo group, received sham therapy immediately after surgery (n = 15). In this study, a gallium‑aluminum‑arsenide diode laser device was used. The laser was applied extraorally (0.3 W, 40 s, 4 J/cm2). The trismus, pain, and facial swelling were evaluated. A 3D surface imaging device (3dMD Photogrammetric System) was used to evaluate the volumetric changes of the swelling. The 3D morphology of the facial swelling was recorded using this imaging device immediately before surgery, the second day after surgery, and the 7th day after surgery. IBM SPSS statistics 22.0 program was used in the statistical assessment and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the edema and trismus between the groups. The pain level in Group 2 was significantly lower than that in Group 3 at all‑time points. Furthermore, the pain level in Group 2 was significantly lower than that in Group 1 on day 7.Conclusions: LLLT reduced the intensity of pain following third molar surgery by single dose. The results of this study revealed that LLLT reduced facial swelling, but no significant differences were found among the three groups. In addition, a 3D craniomaxillofacial imaging method provided insight into volume changes after 3rd molar surgery and the evaluation of facial swelling in an objective way.Keywords: 3dMD, low‑level laser therapy, mandibular third molar surgery, pain, swellin

Prevalence of candida albicans in oral cavities and root canals of children

PubMed ID: 12613314The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of C. albicans in the oral cavities and root canals of children. Twenty healthy and caries-free children and 13 children with caries, were screened. Imprint samples and sterile paper points were used to obtain the samples from oral cavities and root canals respectively. The production of germ tubes and the development of chlamydospores identified yeast cultures. Sixty-nine percent of children with caries and 5% of caries-free children were found to be Candida carriers. The difference in candidal prevalence between two groups was significant (p<0.05). Sixty-one point five percent of children were positive for Candida in the root canal. Since, increase in the C. albicans in the oral cavity provides a potential source of the fungus particularly when resistance falls below a certain threshold, attention to strategies for the reduction of this pervasive and persistent pathogen becomes important. Therefore, reduction of caries and/or introduction of antifungal agents during root canal treatment of children may be offered

Long-term effects of antihypertensive medications on bone mineral density in men older than 55 years

Kamil Serkan Ağa&ccedil;ayak,1 Sedat G&uuml;ven,2 Mahmut Koparal,1 Nedim G&uuml;neş,1 Yusuf Atalay,3 Serhat Atilgan11Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey; 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyon, TurkeyIntroduction: In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel blockers or beta blockers on the bone mineral density of maxilla, as determined by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT images of men older than 55 years who had received different dental indications. Data were grouped into three categories according to the antihypertensive medication history of the patients: group A included patients who had been taking beta-blocker treatment for more than 5 years, group B included patients who had been taking calcium channel blocker treatment for more than 5 years, and the control group included patients who had never used any hypertensive medications before.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the beta blocker and calcium channel blocker groups.Conclusion: In hypertension treatment, beta blockers may be preferred to calcium channel blockers in patients at high risk for osteoporosis and bone resorption.Keywords: bone mineral density, CBCT, beta blockers, calcium channel blocker