Repurposing a chemosensory macromolecular machine

How complex, multi-component macromolecular machines evolved remains poorly understood. Here we reveal the evolutionary origins of the chemosensory machinery that controls flagellar motility in Escherichia coli. We first identify ancestral forms still present in Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shewanella oneidensis and Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum, characterizing their structures by electron cryotomography and finding evidence that they function in a stress response pathway. Using bioinformatics, we trace the evolution of the system through γ-Proteobacteria, pinpointing key evolutionary events that led to the machine now seen in E. coli. Our results suggest that two ancient chemosensory systems with different inputs and outputs (F6 and F7) existed contemporaneously, with one (F7) ultimately taking over the inputs and outputs of the other (F6), which was subsequently lost

Repurposing a chemosensory macromolecular machine

Microbial Biotechnolog

Repurposing a chemosensory macromolecular machine

How complex, multi-component macromolecular machines evolved remains poorly understood. Here we reveal the evolutionary origins of the chemosensory machinery that controls flagellar motility in Escherichia coli. We first identify ancestral forms still present in Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shewanella oneidensis and Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum, characterizing their structures by electron cryotomography and finding evidence that they function in a stress response pathway. Using bioinformatics, we trace the evolution of the system through γ-Proteobacteria, pinpointing key evolutionary events that led to the machine now seen in E. coli. Our results suggest that two ancient chemosensory systems with different inputs and outputs (F6 and F7) existed contemporaneously, with one (F7) ultimately taking over the inputs and outputs of the other (F6), which was subsequently lost

The Hassle Factor as a Psychological Barrier to a Green Home

In order to reach climate goals, policymakers stimulate homeowners to invest in sustainable measures in and around their house. Unfortunately, however, the number of green home measures lacks behind. This article introduces perceived hassle as an important reason for this shortfall. It is claimed that homeowners perceive hassle during different stages of their (customer) journey towards a green home; the awareness stage, the consideration stage, and the decision stage. It is further theorized that people delay taking green home measures in order to avoid the anticipated stress caused by the accumulation of these hassles. Exploring the hassle factor as a psychological barrier to a green home can advance the successful implementation of policies that stimulate sustainable housing. On the one hand, our insights can help homeowners to overcome their obstacles to invest in green measures. On the other hand, they can help policymakers to improve their policies. It suggests de-hassling policy interventions and discusses their effectiveness.Organisation and Governanc

The Hassle Factor as a Psychological Barrier to a Green Home

In order to reach climate goals, policymakers stimulate homeowners to invest in sustainable measures in and around their house. Unfortunately, however, the number of green home measures lacks behind. This article introduces perceived hassle as an important reason for this shortfall. It is claimed that homeowners perceive hassle during different stages of their (customer) journey towards a green home; the awareness stage, the consideration stage, and the decision stage. It is further theorized that people delay taking green home measures in order to avoid the anticipated stress caused by the accumulation of these hassles. Exploring the hassle factor as a psychological barrier to a green home can advance the successful implementation of policies that stimulate sustainable housing. On the one hand, our insights can help homeowners to overcome their obstacles to invest in green measures. On the other hand, they can help policymakers to improve their policies. It suggests de-hassling policy interventions and discusses their effectiveness.Organisation and Governanc

Verdeling in de notariële praktijk

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Follow-Up Study of Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Kabuki Syndrome:Two-Year Treatment Results

INTRODUCTION: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder with characteristic facial dysmorphisms, short stature, hypertension, and obesity later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate catch-up growth and cardiovascular markers before and during growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in KS children. METHODS: This prospective study included 18 children whose KS was genetically established. Each KS subject received rhGH for a period of 2 years. Several measurements were performed before and during treatment: anthropometry, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, markers for endothelial function, and low-grade inflammation. RESULTS: This study found an increase in delta height standard deviation score (SDS) for the whole group of 1.1 SDS after 2 years of rhGH treatment. Baseline metabolic profiles showed no cardiometabolic abnormalities in these children. Although 4 out of 18 children were obese, there were no signs of the metabolic syndrome. During rhGH treatment, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly (2.16-1.91 mmol/L, p = 0.04). Apolipoprotein B100 concentrations also showed a reduction after 24 months of treatment, but the other lipid and (apo)lipoprotein parameters did not change. While other endothelial function markers were stable, only vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 concentrations increased (1,084-1,161 pg/mL, p < 0.01) during rhGH therapy. Furthermore, BMI and waist circumference improved during treatment. There were no signs of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: At baseline and during rhGH therapy, there were no signs of the metabolic syndrome. This is the first study demonstrating that rhGH treatment in KS children is a safe and effective therapy and that it positively influences linear height without exerting adverse effects on a wide array of cardiovascular risk markers

Repurposing a chemosensory macromolecular machine

How complex, multi-component macromolecular machines evolved remains poorly understood. Here we reveal the evolutionary origins of the chemosensory machinery that controls flagellar motility in Escherichia coli. We first identify ancestral forms still present in Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shewanella oneidensis and Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum, characterizing their structures by electron cryotomography and finding evidence that they function in a stress response pathway. Using bioinformatics, we trace the evolution of the system through γ-Proteobacteria, pinpointing key evolutionary events that led to the machine now seen in E. coli. Our results suggest that two ancient chemosensory systems with different inputs and outputs (F6 and F7) existed contemporaneously, with one (F7) ultimately taking over the inputs and outputs of the other (F6), which was subsequently lost.ISSN:2041-172