Thioredoxin 1 in prostate tissue is associated with gleason score, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, and dietary antioxidants

Background. Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the US. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in prostate cancer. Methods. In this study, thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1), an enzyme and subcellular indicator of redox status, was measured in prostate biopsy tissue from 55 men from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project. A pathologist blindly scored levels of Trx 1. The association between Trx 1 and the Gleason score, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, and dietary antioxidant intake was determined using Fisher's exact test. Results. Trx 1 levels in benign prostate tissue in men with incident prostate cancer were positively associated with the Gleason score (P=0.01) and inversely associated with dietary antioxidant intake (P=0.03). In prostate cancer tissue, Trx 1 levels were associated with erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (P=0.01). No association was found for other erythrocyte enzymes. Greater Gleason score of malignant tissue corresponds to a greater difference in Trx 1 levels between malignant and benign tissue (P=0.04). Conclusion. These results suggest that the redox status of prostate tissue is associated with prostate cancer grade and both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants

Drying colloidal systems: laboratory models for a wide range of applications

The drying of complex fluids provides a powerful insight into phenomena that take place on time and length scales not normally accessible. An important feature of complex fluids, colloidal dispersions and polymer solutions is their high sensitivity to weak external actions. Thus, the drying of complex fluids involves a large number of physical and chemical processes. The scope of this review is the capacity to tune such systems to reproduce and explore specific properties in a physics laboratory. A wide variety of systems are presented, ranging from functional coatings, food science, cosmetology, medical diagnostics and forensics to geophysics and art

Influence of dietary carnitine and/or chromium on blood parameters of gestating sows

Gestating sows (n=44; parity=2.0; BW=458 lb) were used to determine the effects of dietary Carnitine and/or chromium picolinate on daily blood parameter profiles. Diets were formulated as a 2 × 2 factorial with carnitine (0 or 50 ppm) and chromium (0 or 200 ppb) and were fed from breeding, through gestation, lactation, and 30 d into the next gestation at which time blood was collected. Sows were fed one meal per day during gestation (2.1 kg) and ad libitum during lactation. Sows were fitted with indwelling venous catheters and blood (plasma) was collected at feeding, once every 15 min for the first 3 h after feeding, and at 6, 9, 15, 20, and 24 h after feeding. Chromium picolinate elicited its greatest effect immediately after feeding (0-3 h) by decreasing (P<0.05) insulin and cpeptide, whereas Carnitine decreased (P<0.05) NEFA and urea N (PUN) in the fasting state (6-24 h post-feeding). Sows fed both carnitine and chromium exhibited intermediate responses. Post-feeding glucose peak was lower (P<0.05) for diets with carnitine and/or chromium versus the control and mean glucose concentration was lower (P<0.01) for sows fed diets with chromium. Mean insulin and cpeptide concentration was lowest (P<0.01) for sows fed the diet with chromium and highest for sows fed the control, with sows fed diets with carnitine or carnitine and chromium having intermediate responses (Carnitine × chromium, P0.10); however, sows fed carnitine had numerically higher (P=0.11) IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 (P=0.06). In summary, the changes in metabolites and metabolic hormones indicate that both carnitine and chromium influence energy metabolism of gestating sows; however, their effects on blood parameters are different. Thus, the improvement in energy status from adding both carnitine and chromium may have an additive effect on reproductive performance of sows

DYNAMIC SPECIFIC HEAT OF KH2PO4

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DYNAMIC SPECIFIC HEAT OF KH2PO4 near the curie point

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Effects of modified tall oil on growth and body composition in adult ovariectomized rats

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of modified tall oil (MTO) on growth and body composition of adult ovariectomized rats. This trial was targeted as a model for postmenopausal women; thus, only data applicable to swine production are presented herein. Feeding MTO decreased adiposity, increased concentrations of certain lipids in tissues, increased vitamin E (octocopherol) levels in the adipose, and increased actual lean content. These data lend support to the carcass leanness and meat quality improvements routinely seen in swine from feeding MTO

Antioxidant intake from diet and supplements and elevated serum C-reactive protein and plasma homocysteine concentrations in US adults: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of antioxidant intakes from diet and supplements with elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. The main exposures were vitamins C and E, carotene, flavonoid and Se intakes from diet and supplements. Elevated blood CRP and Hcy concentrations were the outcome measures. SETTING: The US population and its subgroups. SUBJECTS: We included 8335 US adults aged ≥19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. RESULTS: In this US population, the mean serum CRP concentration was 4·14 (95 % CI 3·91, 4·37) mg/l. Intakes of vitamins C and E and carotene were inversely associated with the probability of having serum CRP concentrations >3 mg/l in multivariate logistic regression models. Flavonoid and Se intakes were not associated with the odds of elevated serum CRP concentrations. The mean plasma Hcy concentration was 8·61 (95 % CI 8·48, 8·74) μmol/l. Intakes of vitamins C, E, carotenes and Se were inversely associated with the odds of plasma Hcy concentrations >13 μmol/l after adjusting for covariates. Flavonoid intake was not associated with the chance of elevated plasma Hcy concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that high antioxidant intake is associated with lower blood concentrations of CRP and Hcy. These inverse associations may be among the potential mechanisms for the beneficial effect of antioxidant intake on CVD risk mediators in observational studies

Influence of dietary supplementation of modified tall oil and vitamin E on pork chop quality, display color stability, warner-bratzler shear,andsensory panel tralts

Seventy-two crossbred (PIC) barrows were used to determine the influence of feeding modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5% of diet) and vitamin E (0, 10, or 50 IU/lb of feed) on display color stability, Warner-Bratzler shear, and sensory panel traits of pork chops. Feeding MTO in combination with high levels of vitamin E to pigs during both the growing and finishing phases improved display color stability and delayed lipid oxidation of the pork loin chops without affecting tenderness and sensory evaluations. Therefore, feeding swine MTO (.5%) with high levels of vitamin E (50 IU/lb of feed) can increase the shelf-life stability of pork and potentially reduce monetary losses from deteriorated product

Influence of dietary supplementation of modified tall oil and vitamin e on bacon characteristics

Seventy-two crossbred (PIC) barrows were used to determine the influence of feeding modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5% of diet) and vitamin E (0, 10, or 50 IU/lb of feed) on bacon quality characteristics. Feeding MTO to pigs during both. the growing and finishing phases increased bacon slice firmness. Feeding swine MTO and vitamin E had minimal effects on bacon production, proximate analysis, and quality traits. Therefore, any of these combinations of MTO with vitamin E can be fed to swine to improve carcass traits without affecting bacon