Arginase Inhibitor in the Pharmacological Correction of Endothelial Dysfunction

This paper is about a way of correction of endothelial dysfunction with the inhibitor of arginase: L-norvaline. There is an imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation factors of endothelium on the basis of endothelial dysfunction. Among vasodilatation agents, nitrogen oxide plays the basic role. Amino acid L-arginine serves as a source of molecules of nitrogen oxide in an organism. Because of the high activity of arginase enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine into ornithine and urea, the bioavailability of nitrogen oxide decreases. The inhibitors of arginase suppress the activity of the given enzyme, raising and production of nitrogen oxide, preventing the development of endothelial dysfunction

Detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and their ticks in Western Siberia and high level of their mismatch

Abstract: The Tomsk region located in the south of Western Siberia is one of the most high-risk areas for tick-borne diseases due to elevated incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in humans. Wild birds may be considered as one of the reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens and hosts for infected ticks. A high mobility of wild birds leads to unpredictable possibilities for the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into new geographical regions. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and ticks that feed on them as well as to determine the role of different species of birds in maintaining the tickborne infectious foci. We analysed the samples of 443 wild birds (60 species) and 378 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes Latraille, 1795 collected from the wild birds, for detecting occurrence of eight tick-borne pathogens, the namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and species of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella and Babesia Starcovici, 1893, using RT-PCR/or PCR and enzyme immunoassay. One or more tick-borne infection markers were detected in 43 species of birds. All markers were detected in samples collected from fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Blyth’s reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus), and common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus. Although all pathogens have been identified in birds and ticks, we found that in the majority of cases (75.5%), there were mismatches of pathogens in birds and ticks collected from them. Wild birds and their ticks may play an extremely important role in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into different geographical regions

Mechanism of Heterogeneous Alkaline Deacetylation of Chitin: A Review

This review provides an analysis of experimental results on the study of alkaline heterogeneous deacetylation of chitin obtained by the authors and also published in the literature. A detailed analysis of the reaction kinetics was carried out considering the influence of numerous factors: reaction reversibility, crystallinity and porosity of chitin, changes in chitin morphology during washing, alkali concentration, diffusion of hydroxide ions, and hydration of reacting particles. A mechanism for the chitin deacetylation reaction is proposed, taking into account its kinetic features in which the decisive role is assigned to the effects of hydration. It has been shown that the rate of chitin deacetylation increases with a decrease in the degree of hydration of hydroxide ions in a concentrated alkali solution. When the alkali concentration is less than the limit of complete hydration, the reaction practically does not occur. Hypotheses have been put forward to explain the decrease in the rate of the reaction in the second flat portion of the kinetic curve. The first hypothesis is the formation of “free” water, leading to the hydration of chitin molecules and a decrease in the reaction rate. The second hypothesis postulates the formation of a stable amide anion of chitosan, which prevents the nucleophilic attack of the chitin macromolecule by hydroxide ions

Comparative Study the Essential Oil Composition of Flowers and Leaves of Crataegus Monogyna L.

The aim of the work was to obtain essential oil from the leaves and flowers of the genus Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna L. and study its component composition to justify the possibility of expanding the use of this herbal drugs in medicine. Materials and methods. The leaves and flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L., which were used to obtain essential oil, were harvested in the western region of Ukraine in 2019. The quantitative content of essential oil in the herbal drugs was determined by hydrodistillation. By used chromato-mass spectrometry method determined the component composition of essential oil of leaves and flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L. The obtained spectra were compared with the library of mass spectra NIST05 and WILEY 2007 with a total number of spectra over 470000 in combination with programs for identification AMDIS and NIST.Results. The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L. was obtained and its quantitative content was determined, which was 0.15±0.02 % for flowers and 0.11±0.03 % for leaves. By used chromato-mass spectrometric method in the essential oil of flowers of Сrataegus monogyna L. revealed 37 compounds, leaves – 33. In the essential oil of flowers found monoterpenoids, the content of which was 0.44 % of the total, triterpenoids 7.17 %, aromatic compounds 12.61 %. In the essential oil of leaves were found monoterpenoids 37.8 %, aromatic compounds 10.25 %, norterpenoids 3.62 %, sesquiterpenoids 4.02 %, diterpenoids 2.17 %, triterpenoids 5.08 %.Conclusions. Due to the defined component composition of the essential oil of flowers and leaves of Сrataegus monogyna L., we consider its use to create drugs of external action for the treatment of skin diseases of various etiologies caused by staphylococcal and fungal microflora