Zweifelsfälle in der Wortstellung im 18. Jahrhundert

The syntactic rules of today's High German are generally thought to have crystallized during the 18th century. One can therefore expect that during that time the processes of grammaticalization had a particular influence on doubtful cases in the usage of language. The syntactic development varied from region to region and was accompanied by theoretical controversies. One of the controversial issues was word order. The debates focused primarily on the order in verbal complexes and on the possibility of extraposing simple components and dependent clauses. This paper is based on the assumption that the theoretical controversies in some way reflected the doubtful cases in the usage of language. In order to identify the actual variants, the theoretical controversies will be outlined first. Then the analysis will focus on whether and how these variants were used in a corpus of 18th century texts. The objective is to determine the language-internal, sociological, and geographical factors of the variants' usage and thus to model the situations in which the doubtful cases ocurred. In conclusion, the following issues will be discussed: the relationship between the doubtful cases and diachronic language developments, the language-external factors of the doubtful cases, and the approach of language theorists to doubtful cases

Parallel Searching for a First Solution

A parallel algorithm for conducting a search for a first solution to the problem of generating minimal perfect hash functions is presented. A message-based distributed memory computer is assumed as a model for parallel computations. A data structure, called reverse trie (r-trie), was devised to carry out the search. The algorithm was implemented on a transputer network. The experiments showed that the algorithm exhibits a consistent and almost linear speed-up. The r-trie structure proved to be highly memory efficient

Standarddeutsch messen? Frequenz und Varianz negativ-konditionaler Konnektoren

Among the German negative-conditional connectors in the range of consequens markers there are the prototypical cases sonst and ansonsten. Morphological alternatives (sonsten and ansonst) are rarely mentioned in contemporary grammars and dictionaries but they actually occur with considerable frequency. The four connectors are used in two functions: as a conjunctional adverb which can occupy various positions within the sentence or as a specific kind of subordinating conjunction (Postponierer). The large IDS corpora allow us to reveal specific distributions of the lexemes and of their different ways of use. Comparing the frequencies and the distributions can indicate to which extent the phenomena are part of the standard language. The paper will report on the results and demonstrate how the findings can be deduced from the corpora. It will draw conclusions for assessing the acceptability of the variants and the extent to which they can be considered standard language additionally testing statistical instruments to visualise and calculate the variance of phenomena as association plots and DPnorm.Prototypickými případy těchto konektorů jsou v němčině slova sonst (jinak) a ansonsten (jinak). Jejich morfologické alternativy sonsten a ansonst se v současných gramatikách a slovnících téměř nezmiňují, avšak jejich frekvence v textech není zanedbatelná. Všechny tyto čtyři konektory se užívají ve dvou funkcích: jako spojkové adverbium, jež může ve větě zaujímat různé pozice, nebo jako specifický druh subordinační konjunkce (postponent). Velké korpusy IDS umožňují odhalovat specifickou distribuci těchto lexémů a různých způsobů jejich užívání. Srovnávání frekvence a distribuce může indikovat, do jaké míry jsou tyto jevy součástí standardního jazyka. Tato studie přináší výsledky tohoto srovnávání a ukazuje, jak lze korpusové nálezy interpretovat. Prostřednictvím testování statistických nástrojů se vyslovuje k akceptabilitě variant a míře, v níž mohou náležet standardnímu spisovnému jazyk

Präliminarien einer Korpusgrammatik

Der korpuslinguistische Ansatz des Projekts »Korpusgrammatik« eröffnet neue Perspektiven auf unsere Sprachwirklichkeit allgemein und grammatische Regularitäten im Besonderen. Der vorliegende Band klärt auf, wie man korpuslinguistisch nach dem Standard fragen kann, wie die Projektkorpora aufgebaut und in einer Korpusdatenbank erschlossen sind, wie man in einem automatischen Abfragesystem der Variabilität der Sprache zu Leibe rückt und sie sogar messbar macht, schließlich aber auch, wo die Grenzen quantitativer Korpusanalysen liegen. Pilotstudien deuten an, wie der Ansatz unsere grammatischen Horizonte erweitert und die Grammatikografie voranbringt