1,187 research outputs found
Expanding the evidence base for the design of policy influencing consumer choice for products and services with environmental impacts: policy briefing
Expanding the evidence base for the design of policy influencing consumer choice for products and services with environmental impacts: final report
Nonrelativistic Factorizable Scattering Theory of Multicomponent Calogero-Sutherland Model
We relate two integrable models in (1+1) dimensions, namely, multicomponent
Calogero-Sutherland model with particles and antiparticles interacting via the
hyperbolic potential and the nonrelativistic factorizable -matrix theory
with -invariance. We find complete solutions of the Yang-Baxter
equations without implementing the crossing symmetry, and one of them is
identified with the scattering amplitudes derived from the Schr\"{o}dinger
equation of the Calogero-Sutherland model. This particular solution is of
interest in that it cannot be obtained as a nonrelativistic limit of any known
relativistic solutions of the -invariant Yang-Baxter equations.Comment: 4 pages, latex(uses Revtex), one figur
Supersymmetric Model of Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment and Neutrino Masses
We propose the novel lepton-number relationship , which
is uniquely realized by the interaction in supersymmetry and may account for a possibly large
muon anomalous magnetic moment. Neutrino masses (with bimaximal mixing) may be
generated from the spontaneous and soft breaking of this lepton symmetry.Comment: 10 pages, including 2 figure
Topological Defects and Non-homogeneous Melting of Large 2D Coulomb Clusters
The configurational and melting properties of large two-dimensional clusters
of charged classical particles interacting with each other via the Coulomb
potential are investigated through the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The
particles are confined by a harmonic potential. For a large number of particles
in the cluster (N>150) the configuration is determined by two competing
effects, namely in the center a hexagonal lattice is formed, which is the
groundstate for an infinite 2D system, and the confinement which imposes its
circular symmetry on the outer edge. As a result a hexagonal Wigner lattice is
formed in the central area while at the border of the cluster the particles are
arranged in rings. In the transition region defects appear as dislocations and
disclinations at the six corners of the hexagonal-shaped inner domain. Many
different arrangements and type of defects are possible as metastable
configurations with a slightly higher energy. The particles motion is found to
be strongly related to the topological structure. Our results clearly show that
the melting of the clusters starts near the geometry induced defects, and that
three different melting temperatures can be defined corresponding to the
melting of different regions in the cluster.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
On the possibility of a very light A^0 at low \tan\beta
The searches at LEP II for the processes e^+e^-\to h^0Z and e^+e^-\to h^0A^0
in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) fail to exclude regions of
the m_h,m_A plane where \tan\beta <1, thus allowing a very light A^0 (m_A< 20
GeV). Such a parameter choice would predict a light H^\pm with m_{H^\pm}< m_W.
Although the potentially large branching ratio for H^\pm \to A^0 W^* would
ensure that H^\pm also escaped detection in direct searches at LEP II and the
Tevatron Run I, we show that this elusive parameter space is overwhelmingly
disfavoured by electroweak precision measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, Revtex, references added, minor additions to
tex
Radiative Correction to the Dirichlet Casimir Energy for Theory in Two Spatial Dimensions
In this paper, we calculate the next to the leading order Casimir energy for
real massive and massless scalar fields within theory,
confined between two parallel plates with the Dirichlet boundary condition in
two spatial dimensions. Our results are finite in both cases, in sharp contrast
to the infinite result reported previously for the massless case. In this paper
we use a renormalization procedure introduced earlier, which naturally
incorporates the boundary conditions. As a result our radiative correction term
is different from the previously calculated value. We further use a
regularization procedure which help us to obtain the finite results without
resorting to any analytic continuation techniques.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Resultant pressure distribution pattern along the basilar membrane in the spiral shaped cochlea
Cochlea is an important auditory organ in the inner ear. In most mammals, it
is coiled as a spiral. Whether this specific shape influences hearing is still
an open problem. By employing a three dimensional fluid model of the cochlea
with an idealized geometry, the influence of the spiral geometry of the cochlea
is examined. We obtain solutions of the model through a conformal
transformation in a long-wave approximation. Our results show that the net
pressure acting on the basilar membrane is not uniform along its spanwise
direction. Also, it is shown that the location of the maximum of the spanwise
pressure difference in the axial direction has a mode dependence. In the
simplest pattern, the present result is consistent with the previous theory
based on the WKB-like approximation [D. Manoussaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96,
088701(2006)]. In this mode, the pressure difference in the spanwise direction
is a monotonic function of the distance from the apex and the normal velocity
across the channel width is zero. Thus in the lowest order approximation, we
can neglect the existance of the Reissner's membrane in the upper channel.
However, higher responsive modes show different behavior and, thus, the real
maximum is expected to be located not exactly at the apex, but at a position
determined by the spiral geometry of the cochlea and the width of the cochlear
duct. In these modes, the spanwise normal velocities are not zero. Thus, it
indicates that one should take into account of the detailed geometry of the
cochlear duct for a more quantitative result. The present result clearly
demonstrates that not only the spiral geometry, but also the geometry of the
cochlear duct play decisive roles in distributing the wave energy.Comment: 21 pages. (to appear in J. Biol. Phys.
HELLP babies link a novel lincRNA to the trophoblast cell cycle
The HELLP syndrome is a pregnancy-associated disease inducing hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets in the mother. Although the HELLP symptoms occur in the third trimester in the mother, the origin of the disease can be found in the first trimester fetal placenta. A locus for the HELLP syndrome is present on chromosome 12q23 near PAH. Here, by multipoint nonparametric linkage, pedigree structure allele sharing, and haplotype association analysis of affected sisters and cousins, we demonstrate that the HELLP locus is in an intergenic region on 12q23.2 between PMCH and IGF1. We identified a novel long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) transcript of 205,012 bases with (peri)nuclear expression in the extravillous trophoblast using strand-specific RT-PCR complemented with RACE and FISH. siRNA-mediated knockdown followed by RNA-sequencing, revealed that the HELLP lincRNA activated a large set of genes that are involved in the cell cycle. Furthermore, blocking potential mutation sites identified in HELLP families decreased the invasion capacity of extravillous trophoblasts. This is the first large noncoding gene to be linked to a Mendelian disorder with autosomal-recessive inheritance
Leading Chiral Logarithms to the Hyperfine Splitting of the Hydrogen and Muonic Hydrogen
We study the hydrogen and muonic hydrogen within an effective field theory
framework. We perform the matching between heavy baryon effective theory
coupled to photons and leptons and the relevant effective field theory at
atomic scales. This matching can be performed in a perturbative expansion in
alpha, 1/m_p and the chiral counting. We then compute the O(m_{l_i}^3
alpha^5/m_p^2 x logarithms) contribution (including the leading chiral
logarithms) to the Hyperfine splitting and compare with experiment. They can
explain about 2/3 of the difference between experiment and the pure QED
prediction when setting the renormalization scale at the rho mass. We give an
estimate of the matching coefficient of the spin-dependent proton-lepton
operator in heavy baryon effective theory.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, minor changes, one reference adde
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