Sampling constants in generalized Fock spaces

We discuss sampling constants for dominating sets in generalized Fock spaces.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.0503

Modeles mathematiques du mode temps monopartage des systemes informatiques d’entreprise

Principles of the models development of optimum management processes of access in the computers networks of the corporative information systems are reviewed and the results of the adequacy estimation of these models are presented.Dans le travail nous considérons les principes de conception des modèles de processus optimaux de contrôle d’accès dans les réseaux informatiques des systèmes informatiques d’entreprise et présentons les résultats d’évaluation de l’adéquation de ces modèles

Estimating the burden of malaria in Senegal : Bayesian zero-inflated binomial geostatistical modeling of the MIS 2008 data

The Research Center for Human Development in Dakar (CRDH) with the technical assistance of ICF Macro and the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) conducted in 2008/2009 the Senegal Malaria Indicator Survey (SMIS), the first nationally representative household survey collecting parasitological data and malaria-related indicators. In this paper, we present spatially explicit parasitaemia risk estimates and number of infected children below 5 years. Geostatistical Zero-Inflated Binomial models (ZIB) were developed to take into account the large number of zero-prevalence survey locations (70%) in the data. Bayesian variable selection methods were incorporated within a geostatistical framework in order to choose the best set of environmental and climatic covariates associated with the parasitaemia risk. Model validation confirmed that the ZIB model had a better predictive ability than the standard Binomial analogue. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods were used for inference. Several insecticide treated nets (ITN) coverage indicators were calculated to assess the effectiveness of interventions. After adjusting for climatic and socio-economic factors, the presence of at least one ITN per every two household members and living in urban areas reduced the odds of parasitaemia by 86% and 81% respectively. Posterior estimates of the ORs related to the wealth index show a decreasing trend with the quintiles. Infection odds appear to be increasing with age. The population-adjusted prevalence ranges from 0.12% in Thille-Boubacar to 13.1% in Dabo. Tambacounda has the highest population-adjusted predicted prevalence (8.08%) whereas the region with the highest estimated number of infected children under the age of 5 years is Kolda (13940). The contemporary map and estimates of malaria burden identify the priority areas for future control interventions and provide baseline information for monitoring and evaluation. Zero-Inflated formulations are more appropriate in modeling sparse geostatistical survey data, expected to arise more frequently as malaria research is focused on eliminatio

Etablissement d’un protocole efficace de germination des graines du thé de savane (Lippia multiflora Mold., Verbenaceae)

Lippia multiflora Mold. est une plante aromatique qui croît spontanément dans les zones de savanes de l’Afrique subtropicale. Elle est utilisée dans les traitements de l’hypertension artérielle, du paludisme et autres affections gastriques. L’insuffisance de matériels de plantation, due au faible taux de germination des graines, limite l’extension de la culture. La présente étude vise à définir les conditions optimales pour la production de plants à partir de graines. Les graines ont ainsi été traitées avec différents agents chimiques avant le semis dans des boîtes de Pétri, sur du papier filtre ou sur le milieu de base de Murashige et Skoog (MS). Sur le papier filtre, l’imbibition dans l’eau distillée des graines, pendant 24 heures, a donné le meilleur taux de germination (59,01 %). La stérilisation des graines dans l’acide sulfurique 96 % durant 1 minute, suivie d’un trempage pendant 20 minutes dans l’hypochlorite de sodium (3,6 % de chlore actif) a favorisé un faible taux de contamination (3,38 %) et un taux élevé de germination (90,33 %) sur le milieu MS.Mots clés : Lippia multiflora, germination, graine, stérilisation

Induction et prolifération de cals à partir de l’axe embryonnaire du Voandzou [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Fabaceae] : effet de la segmentation de l’explant, des phytohormones, de la source de carbone et du génotype

Le Voandzou [Vigna subterranea, (L.) Verdc.], occupe une place importante dans les stratégies élaborées pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne. Le développement de systèmes de régénération in vitro de plantes, préalable au transfert de gènes nécessite l’établissement de conditions optimales de la callogenèse. Au cours du présent travail, l’étude des facteurs influençant l’induction et la prolifération des cals chez le Voandzou a été réalisée. L’axe embryonnaire issu de graines matures a été placé sur le milieu de base de Murashige et Skoog (1962) additionné avec les vitamines B5 et supplémenté avec différentes concentrations et combinaisons de phytohormones. Après quatre semaines de culture, les résultats ont montré que l’induction et la prolifération de cals ont été favorisées avec le 2,4-D (0,5 mg/l). La partie basale de l’axe embryonnaire a été la zone la plus favorable à la callogenèse. La meilleure source de carbone a été le saccharose à la concentration optimale de 84 mM. Les meilleurs taux d’induction (100 %) et de prolifération de cals (3) ont été exprimés avec les écotypes Ci2, Ci3, Ci4, Ci5, Ci6, Ci7, Ci10 et Ci21.Mots-clés : voandzou, axe embryonnaire, callogenèse, phytohormones.Callus induction and proliferation from embryonic axis in Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Fabaceae]: effect of explants section, plant growth regulators, carbon source and genotypeBambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. ] contributes to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of efficient systems of in vitro plant regeneration a prerequisite to gene transfer requires establishment of optimal conditions for callus formation. In this work, factors influencing callus induction and proliferation in Bambara have been studied. Embryonic axis derived mature seeds were placed on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with vitamins B5 (MSB5), including different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. After four weeks of culture, results showed that 2,4-D (0.5 mg/L) exhibited the best frequency and proliferation index of callus. Basal part of embryonic axis was the explants of choice for callus induction and proliferation. Sucrose at optimum concentration of 84 mM was favorable to the process of callus formation. Highest callus induction frequency (100 %) and proliferation index (3) were expressed by ecotypes Ci2, Ci3, Ci4, Ci5, Ci6, Ci7, Ci10 and Ci21.Keywords : bambara groundnut, embryonic axis, callogenesis, plant growth regulators

Characterization and evaluation of accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) from Burkina Faso

Three hundred and ten (310) Bambara groundnut accessions mainly from the Northern semi arid zone of Burkina Faso were assessed for phenotypic variability of agronomic and morphological traits. Mixture of seed types in a given accession is common in Northern area of Burkina Faso. Two to twelve types of seeds compose the majority of accessions collected (82%) and only 18% of accessions are homogeneous. Characters like canopy spread, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed length, seed width and weight of 100 seeds are positively correlated to yield per plant. A negative correlation was revealed between days to 50% flowering and yield per plant indicating that plants which take more time on vegetative stage have less yield in semi-arid conditions of production. Accessions from Burkina assessed for agronomic and morphological characteristics in this study are less variable than 1384 accessions assessed by IITA in 1985 and 1986. This result can be explained by the restricted origin of accessions from Burkina Faso.La variabilité phénotypique des traits agronomiques et morphologiques de 310 accessions de pois Bambara collectées principalement dans la zone semi aride nord du Burkina Faso a été évaluée. Le mélange de différents types de semences dans les accessions est une pratique répandue dans le Nord du Burkina Faso. Deux à douze types de semence composent la majorité des accessions (82%) et seulement 18% des accessions sont homogènes. Les caractères tels que la largeur du feuillage, le nombre de gousses par plante, le nombre de graines par gousse, la longueur et largeur des graines et le poids de 100 graines ont une corrélation positive avec le rendement en graine par plante. Une corrélation négative a été mise en évidence entre la date de 50% floraison et le rendement par plante montrant que les plantes qui prennent plus de temps pour leur phase végétative produisent moins dans les conditions de production semi arides. Les accessions du Burkina évaluées pour leurs caractéristiques agronomiques et morphologiques sont moins variables que les 1384 accessions évaluées par l\'IITA en 1985 et 1986. Ce résultat peut s\'expliquer l\'origine restreinte des accessions originaires du Burkina. Keywords: Agronomic evaluation, Bambara groundnut, Mixture of seeds, Phenotypic variability, Vigna subterranea.Sciences & Nature Vol. 5 (2) 2008: pp. 191-19

Antécédents culturaux et identification de quelques pratiques paysannes en replantation cacaoyère en Côte d'Ivoire

La Côte d’Ivoire est le premier producteur mondial de cacao, avec plus de 1700 000 tonnes. Cette performance a été atteinte, principalement, par l’accroissement des superficies cultivées aux dépends de la forêt. L’enquête a concerné les parcelles de cacaoyers de moins de 5 ans (0-5 ans) et chaque producteur a été enquêté individuellement, chacun sur sa parcelle, afin de confronter les réponses aux observations de terrain. Les résultats des enquêtes effectuées, entre 2002 et 2003, par le projet PIC-CACAO, montrent que trois types d’antécédents culturaux sont actuellement utilisés pour la culture du cacaoyer en Côte d’Ivoire. Il s’agit des vieilles cacaoyères, des vieilles caféières et des jachères, moins favorables à la culture du cacaoyer. Face aux contraintes rencontrées au cours du renouvellement du verger cacaoyer sur ces antécédents, les producteurs ont, soit adopté des techniques proposées par la recherche, soit adapté certaines de leurs pratiques endogènes aux nouvelles conditions écologiques et naturelles du milieu. Les adoptions ont concernés l’utilisation de matériel végétal amélioré, issu des pépinières, sur les jachères. Quant aux adaptations, elles se sont traduites par la pratique de fortes densités de plantation de jeunes cacaoyers et par la densification de l’ombrage.Mots clés: Cacaoyer, antécédents culturaux, adoptions, adaptations, Côte d’IvoireEnglish Title: Cropping history and identification of some farmer pratices in cocoa replanting in Côte d’IvoireEnglish AbstractCôte d’Ivoire is the first producer of cocoa worldwide with more than 1700 000 tons. This performance was reached, mainly, by the increase of acreages at the expense of the forest. The investigation concerned the cocoa plots under 5 years (0-5 years) and each producer was investigated individually, each on his plot in order to compare his responses with field observations. The results of the investigations carried out, between 2002 and 2003, by PIC-cacao project, show that three types of antecedents are currently used for the culture of the cocoa-tree. They are the old cocoa plantations, the old coffee plantations and the fallow, less favourable of the cultivation of cocoa. Faced with the constraints during the renewal of the cocoaorchard on these antecedents, producers adopted techniques proposed by research or adapted some endogenous practices to the new ecological and natural conditions of the environment. The adoptions related to the use of vegetable material improved and nurseries on the fallow. As for the adaptations, they resulted in the use of high densities of plantation of young cocoa-trees and to the thickening of the shade.Keywords: Cocoa-orchard (Theobroma cacao L.), farming antecedents, adoptions, adaptations, Côte d’Ivoir

Species occurrence of cetaceans in Guinea, including humpback whales with southern hemisphere seasonality

An initial inventory of the dolphins and whales occurring in Guinea's coastal waters is documented primarily from specimens and photographic evidence obtained from strandings and by-catches. Seven species are fully validated, four odontocetes, Tursiops truncatus, Sousa teuszii, Stenella frontalis, Kogia breviceps and three balaenopterid whales: Balaenoptera brydei, Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Megaptera novaeangliae. Another three reported species (Globicephala macrorhynchus, Steno bredanensis and Delphinus delphis) are insufficiently supported but thought to be valid. Small cetaceans landed as by-catch and a stranded whale were used for human consumption, but no evidence of substantial takes, directed or by-catch, was found. However, concern is raised about even minimal takes of the vulnerable Atlantic humpback dolphin. The seasonal presence of three confirmed humpback whales, two strandings (July and September) and a sighting (October), is synchronous with the species' southern hemisphere wintering/breeding season in low latitudes. We hypothesize that these whales may comprise the north-westernmost range of the population that breeds/overwinters in coastal waters of the Bight of Benin, northern Gulf of Guinea

Past, Present and Future Perspectives on Groundnut Breeding in Burkina Faso

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major food and cash crop in Burkina Faso. Due to the growing demand for raw oilseeds, there is an increasing interest in groundnut production from traditional rain-fed areas to irrigated environments. However, despite implementation of many initiatives in the past to increase groundnut productivity and production, the groundnut industry still struggles to prosper due to the fact of several constraints including minimal development research and fluctuating markets. Yield penalty due to the presence of drought and biotic stresses continue to be a major drawback for groundnut production. This review traces progress in the groundnut breeding that started in Burkina Faso before the country’s political independence in 1960 through to present times. Up to the 1980s, groundnut improvement was led by international research institutions such as IRHO (Institute of Oils and Oleaginous Research) and ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). However, international breeding initiatives were not su�cient to establish a robust domestic groundnut breeding programme. This review also provides essential information about opportunities and challenges for groundnut research in Burkina Faso, emphasising the need for institutional attention to genetic improvement of the crop