Les contes de la faim et du décepteur : un faisceau d’éducation à l’entraide et à la cohésion sociale

Résumé : Les contes africains abordent la problématique de la faim, une notion capitale dans le quotidien des sociétés africaines. Le traitement de ce thème est un moyen efficace d’éducation à l’entraide et à la cohésion sociale. Ainsi, par le biais du décepteur, les comportements antisociaux sont reprouvés pour faire place aux valeurs sociales, gage d’équilibre de la société. Dès lors, la gourmandise et l’égoïsme sont une manifestation parfaite de l’égocentrisme quand la violence, elle, est perçue comme un frein à la sécurité sociale. Aussi, les défauts tels que le vol, la malhonnêteté, sont considérés comme une mise en abîme de la quiétude sociale et un pilier de la corruption. Mots-clés : Contes africains, faim, éducation, entraide, cohésion sociale

Deflecting Stereotype Threat Through Downward Comparison: When Comparison with Immigrants Boosts the Performance of Stigmatized Native Students

Two experiments examined the effect of comparison with immigrants on the intellectual performance of stigmatized native students (i.e., women and students from low socioeconomic backgrounds). It was predicted that such a comparison may boost the test performance of both groups of students rather than comparison with their counterparts who are not stigmatized. In line with this hypothesis, we found that female European students (Study 1) performed better on a math test when they were led to compare with a female immigrant rather than with another female European student. Study 2 replicated this finding in regard to the performance of native students with low socioeconomic status on a general intelligence test. Results are discussed in terms of stereotype susceptibility predicaments and their implications for native-immigrant performance gap

Biologie de la reproduction de Elagatis bipinnulata (Guoy & Gaimard, 1824) capturé dans le golfe de guinée par la flottille artisanale en Côte d’ivoire

Objectif : le but de ce travail est d’étudier la biologie de la reproduction de Elagatis bipinnulata dans l’océan Atlantique Est, à travers la détermination de quelques paramètres tels la sex-ratio, taille de première maturité sexuelle, fécondité et la période de reproduction.Méthodologie et résultats : cette étude a été entreprise de septembre 2015 à Août 2016 sur des individus capturés au filet maillant par les pêcheurs artisans exerçant dans le golfe de guinée. Des prélèvements mensuels de poissons ont été effectués au quai piroguier d’Abobo-doumé (port de pêche d’Abidjan). Au total 736 spécimens ont été examinés avec 479 femelles et 257 mâles dont la longueur à la fourche varie de 40 à 93 cm. La sex-ratio globale montre une prédominance des femelles par rapport aux mâles (1,89:1; x2 = 66.89 ; p=0,03 < 0,05). La taille de première maturité sexuelle déterminée pour l’espèce est de 60,33 cm chez les femelles et de 63,69 cm pour les mâles Les paramètres de reproduction étudiés révèlent que cette espèce se reproduit dans le golfe de guinée au cours du premier semestre de l’année plus précisément dans la grande saison chaude de mars à juin. La fécondité absolue varie de 52279 à 313282 ovocytes avec une moyenne de 167873±72108 ovocytes. Quant à la fécondité relative, elle oscille entre 31791 à 94778 avec une moyenne de 60155±26708 ovocytes.Mots clés : Elagatis bipinnulata, période de reproduction, fécondité, sex-ratio, Abobo-doum

Caracterisation des performances de croissance et de resistances aux maladies et aux ravageurs de sept (7) varietes de patate douce (Ipomoea Batatas (l), Lam., 1793) dans la region de bouake, Cote d’Ivoire

La production de la patate douce, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., reste confrontée à de nombreuses contraintes agronomiques. Pour mieux faire face à ces contraintes, une étude a été réalisée dans le but de déterminer les caractères agronomiques de sept (7) variétés de patate douce cultivée au centre de la Côte d’Ivoire (Bouaké) afin de sélectionner les variétés les plus adaptées.  Dans cette étude, le taux de survie, la biomasse aérienne, la résistance aux insectes et ravageurs ont été évalués. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les variétés Covington, CIP et Irène ont enregistré les meilleurs taux de survie. Au niveau de la biomasse aérienne la variété Irène s’est distinguée des autres variétés. La variété Fadanga a été moins sensibles pour l’ensemble des nuisibles influençant la patate douce.   The production of the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., still faces many agronomic constraints. To better face these constraints, a study was carried out in order to determine the agronomic characteristics of seven (7) varieties of sweet potato cultivated in the center of Côte d'Ivoire (Bouaké) in order to select the most suitable varieties. In this study, survival rate, aboveground biomass, resistance to insects and pests were assessed. The results obtained show that the Covington, CIP, and Irene varieties recorded the best survival rates. In terms of aerial biomass, the Irene variety stood out from other varieties. The Fadanga variety was less susceptible to all the pests influencing the sweet potato

Genetic diversity and population structure of maize landraces from Côte d’Ivoire

Maize (Zea mays L.) occupies an important place among food crops in Côte d’Ivoire. However, no study on the genetic diversity of the species has been performed to date. This study aims at analyzing the diversity and genetic structure of 35 maize accessions using 10 microsatellite markers. These accessions are from different agro-ecological zones representative of the Ivorian territory. The results showed that for all accessions studied, 47 alleles were detected, with an average of 6.71 ± 2.21 alleles per locus. The percentage of polymorphic loci and total genetic diversity, were 91.34% and 0.524 ± 0.159. A slight excess of heterozygotes was observed in the accessions (4.6%). The molecular analysis of variance showed that the total genetic diversity is mainly due to the intra-accession diversity (85.17%). The inter-accession diversity rate was estimated at 14.87%, which is in favor of moderate differentiation between the accessions. The Bayesian analysis grouped the accessions into two populations, regardless of geographical origin. These results provide basic information potentially useful in selection. The cross between two individuals from different groups might help exploit the phenomenon of heterosis.Key words: Ex situ conservation, Côte d’Ivoire, genetic diversity, maize, microsatellite marker

Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Diversity Among Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) Cultivars Grown in Côte d’Ivoire Based on Agro-morphological Traits

Crop improvement for sustainable agriculture requires information about the genetic variability of traits that helps identify suitable parents. This study was conducted to investigate the extent of genetic diversity among 12 okra cultivars grown and marketed in Côte d’Ivoire, using 12 quantitative and 11 qualitative agro-morphological traits. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications and two multivariate techniques, viz. principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used. The okra cultivars evaluated showed wide variation in quantitative traits but minimal variation in qualitative traits except for leaf and fruit shapes. The first two PCs explained 70.489% variation and identify seven traits (day to flowering, stem diameter, plant height, number of fruit ridges, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield and number of seeds per fruit) that play a prominent role in the differentiation of the okra cultivars, and therefore could be used as good criteria for selection in okra improvement. PCA and CA grouped the total cultivars into three divergent clusters exhibiting specific characteristics: vigor and good yield for cluster I, short plants and earliness for cluster II and high yield for cluster III. The results of this investigation indicated that substantial variability was present in the okra studied. The cultivars of the divergent clusters constitute interesting okra genetic resources that can be used as a parental material for further breeding. Keywords: genetic diversity, okra, Abelmoschus caillei, Abelmoschus esculentus, principal component analysis, cluster analysis DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-22-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental characterization and evidence of Oligocene in the terrestrial sedimentary basin, Bingerville area, Southern Côte d'Ivoire, Northern Gulf of Guinea

A palynological investigation of two shallow boreholes in Anna, Bingerville area, at 13 km Northwest Abidjan, Southern Côte d’Ivoire, yielded rich and relatively well-preserved dinoflagellate cyst’s  assemblages that allowed recognition of Oligocene age. This recognition was based on global  dinoflagellate cyst events, including mainly Lejeunecysta species represented by cf. Lejeunecysta  communis, L. lata, L. pulchra, Lejeunecysta sp. cf. L. granosa, cf. L. globosa, L. beninensis and other  Pheolodinium magnificum, P. africanum, Selenopemphix nephroïdes and Cordosphaeridium inodes.  They are associated to terrestrial spores and pollen grains such as Magnastriatites howardii,  Spirosyncolpites spiralis, Perfotricolpites digitatus, Retitricoporites irregularis, Retimonocolpites  irregularis, Pachydermites diederixii, Psilatricolporites operculatus and Punctodiporites harrisii. The  palynostratigraphic interpretations are based on a comparison with calibrated dinoflagellate cyst ranges  from several reference sections, mainly in the peri-atlantic and incidentally peri-pacific basins. This  study showed changes in the relative abundances of different species or groups of morphologically  related species. These changes are palaeoenvironmentally controlled, indicating a deposition occurred between the continental nearshore and marginal marine areas under continental influence. The  prevalence of peridinioid dinocysts assemblage suggests deposition in a subtropical province whereas  terrestrial pollen grains and spores provided by plants of coastal vegetation dominated by pteridophyts and angiosperms evoke mangrove and swamp forests. These new palynological data, notably the  presence of Oligocene especially in the Ivorian terrestrial basin north of the so called “faille des  lagunes”, specifies and modifies the previous local stratigraphic scale.Key words: Palynostratigraphy, palaeoenvironment, Oligocene, sedimentary basin, Côte d’Ivoire

Maternal mortality in the context of political free health care on pregnancy and birth to the Treichville teaching hospital, Abidjan-Côte d’Ivoire

Background: Maternal mortality continues to be a drama in the countries of Sub Saharan Africa. Despite the efforts of the world through the millennium development goals (MDGs) 5 and 6, the situation remains very worrying in this region. If in developed countries, maternal mortality is an indicator of the quality of obstetric care, for poor countries, it is an indicator of social and economic development.Methods: Our study was designed to assess the impact of free support of pregnancy and childbirth on maternal mortality at treichville teaching hospital in Abidjan. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of deaths of our service over the period September 2012 to August 2013 taking into account the hospital data.Results: During this period, we recorded 32 deaths per 3173 live births. Eight out of ten patients were younger than 35 years. And half had no education. 93.75% of patients were evacuated to another structure and more than half of the deaths occurred less than two hours after admission to our service. Bleeding causes dominate with 37.50% of postpartum haemorrhage.Conclusions: Maternal death rates in our service remain high despite the policy of free care and factors of this mortality remain unchanged for decades