Activite Nycthemerale De Oryctes monoceros Olivier (Coleoptera : Dynastidae) En Côte D\'ivoire

L\'insecte (Oryctes monoceros (Coleoptera, Dynastidae) est connu pour ses dégâts importants sur les cultures de cocotiers et de palmiers à huile en Côte d\'Ivoire. Pour connaître les périodes d\'activité de cet insecte, une étude a été menée pendant 7 jours sur des individus adultes issus de pièges, de vieux stipes et de cocotiers vivants. Les insectes collectés ont été mis dans des carafes transparentes contenant des rafles de palmier à huile et nourris avec la canne à sucre. Le dénombrement des insectes en activité tentatives d\'envol, accouplements et alimentation) a été fait toutes les heures, la température et les jours de pluie ont été relevés. Les résultats révèlent une forte activité entre 20 h et 2 h pour les individus de sexes différents. Aussi, les mâles sont-ils plus actifs que les femelles et les couples. Néanmoins, ces différentes périodes d\'activité ont varié en fonction du lieu de collecte des insectes et aussi des facteurs climatiques. Les insectes issus des pièges sont plus actifs que ceux des vieux stipes et des cocotiers vivants. L\'activité de O. monoceros a été négativement influencée par la pluie lorsque celle-ci survint entre 20 h et 3 h et aussi par des températures nocturnes supérieures à 25 °C. La connaissance des périodes d\'activité des insectes peut être utilisée en olfactométrie pour améliorer la capture de O. monoceros avec la phéromone dans les plantations de cocotiersOryctes monoceros (Coleoptera : Dynastidae) causes very significant damages in coconut and palm tree crops in Côte d\'Ivoire. To assess the activity period of this insect, a 7-days study was conducted on adult individuals obtained from traps, old stems and living coconut trees. The collected insects were put in transparent bottles containing pieces of empty fruit, bunches of palm tree and fed with sugarcane. The counting of insects in activity (tentatives of flying, matings and feeding) was done every hour, while noting temperature and rainy days. This study reveals high insects activities with both sexes, between 8 p.m. and 2 a.m. Males were more active than females and couples. Nevertheless, these periods of activity varied according to the trapping place and weather conditions. The insects from the traps were more active than those from the old stems and the living coconut trees. The activity of O. monoceros was negatively affected by rain occuring between 8 p.m. and 3 a.m., and also by night temperature above 25 ° C. The knowledge of the activity periods of the insect can be used in olfactometry to improve its capture with the pheromone in coconut plantations. Keywords: Oryctes monoceros, cocotiers, période d'activité, pluviométrie, Côte d'IvoireAgronomie Africaine Vol. 19 (1) 2007: pp. 71-7

Global epidemiology of yaws: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: To achieve yaws eradication, the use of the new WHO strategy of initial mass treatment with azithromycin and surveillance twice a year needs to be extended everywhere the disease occurs. However, the geographic scope of the disease is unknown. We aimed to synthesise published and unpublished work to update the reported number of people with yaws at national and subnational levels and to estimate at-risk populations. METHODS: We searched PubMed and WHO databases to identify published data for prevalence of active and latent yaws from Jan 1, 1990, to Dec 31, 2014. We also searched for ongoing or recently completed unpublished studies from the WHO yaws surveillance network. We estimated yaws prevalence (and 95% CIs). We collected yaws incidence data from official national surveillance programmes at the first administrative level from Jan 1, 2010, to Dec 31, 2013, and we used total population data at the second administrative level to estimate the size of at-risk populations. FINDINGS: We identified 103 records, of which 23 published articles describing 27 studies and four unpublished studies met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of active disease ranged from 0·31% to 14·54% in yaws-endemic areas, and prevalence of latent yaws ranged from 2·45% to 31·05%. During 2010-13, 256 343 yaws cases were reported to WHO from 13 endemic countries, all of which are low-income and middle-income countries. 215 308 (84%) of 256 343 cases reported to WHO were from three countries-Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Ghana. We estimated that, in 2012, over 89 million people were living in yaws-endemic districts. INTERPRETATION: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Ghana should be the focus of initial efforts at implementing the WHO yaws eradication strategy. Community-based mapping and active surveillance must accompany the implementation of yaws eradication activities. FUNDING: None