Thermogravimetric analysis of anningre tannin resin

Three formulations of aningre tannin resins containing in order the paraformaldehyde powder, hexamethylenetetramine and aqueous glyoxal as hardeners were developed. Their thermogravimetric analysis have shown that they begin to decompose respectively from 135°C, 145°C and 140°C. About 24%, 40% and 39 % solid residues of their initial masses exist at the end of the analysis. Thermomechanical analysis has shown that the formulation containing paraformaldehyde powder as hardener has the best rigidity and the worst contains the hexamethylenetetramine. All formulations have different thermal degradation, differences were more significant between 400 and 900°C.The decomposition of hardeners become more significant from 400°C

Experimental study of biogas production from water hyacinth

In the Littoral and East regions of Cameroon, the proliferation of the water hyacinth threatens the conservation of biodiversity. Indeed, its rapid multiplication asphyxiates fish and promotes malaria. Integrated pest management and many other methods have been used to eliminate this plant, but it persists, endangering the eco-systemic balance of marine environments. The efficient management of this plant remains a challenge. The aim of this study is to contribute to the implementation of a water hyacinth management protocol. The idea was to use this plant not only for natural fertilizer for soil improvement but also as energy production (biogas). The tests were carried out at the HIMA application farm in the Abong-Mbang area. Experiments were conducted using 60-Liters batch digesters. In all three sets of experiments, combinations of water hyacinth, cow dung and chicken droppings were used. For water hyacinth alone, an average production of 70 L of biogas was recorded. The best yield was obtained for the mixture of water hyacinth (5 kg), cow dung (1.5 kg) and chicken droppings (1 kg) at 1/4 dilution, i.e. 179 L/kg of substrate. The results obtained are encouraging and are being effectively used. This technology can therefore be applied in areas infested by Eichhornia crassipes for the production of energy, compost and control of water hyacinth proliferation

Thermogravimetric analysis of anningre tannin resin

Three formulations of aningre tannin resins containing in order the paraformaldehyde powder, hexamethylenetetramine and aqueous glyoxal as hardeners were developed. Their thermogravimetric analysis have shown that they begin to decompose respectively from 135°C, 145°C and 140°C. About 24%, 40% and 39 % solid residues of their initial masses exist at the end of the analysis. Thermomechanical analysis has shown that the formulation containing paraformaldehyde powder as hardener has the best rigidity and the worst contains the hexamethylenetetramine. All formulations have different thermal degradation, differences were more significant between 400 and 900°C.The decomposition of hardeners become more significant from 400°C

Desorption Behavior and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Bio-Hardeners

In this work, the thermal degradation and drying of bio-hardeners are investigated. Four bio-hardeners based on exudates of Senegalia senegal, Vachellia nilotica, Vachellia seyal, and Acacia Siebteriana were analyzed by FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis, and a desorption study was also conducted. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy indicates the existence of oligomers of different types all giving 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylfuran and 2, 5-dihydroxymethylfuran which are then the real hardening molecules. The pyrolysis of these extracts reveals three main regions of mass loss, a first region is located between 25 degrees C and 110 degrees C reflecting the loss of water from the adhesive and the formation of some traces of volatile organic compounds such as CO2 and CO, a second zone characterized by the release of CO, CO2 and CH4 gases with peaks between 110 degrees and 798.8 degrees C. At the end of the analysis, about 22% of the initial mass remains undecomposed, this mass corresponds to the rigid segments of the bio-hardener which are not completely decomposed