Statistical analysis of the equivalent design rainfall

Statistical analyses of rainfall data are used for the design of sewerage systems and pump-stations, for the evaluation of the duration and the frequency of overflow in runoff detention facilities, for the determination of the critical influence on a municipal wastewater-treatment plant or for the protection of watercourses from storm-water runoff (e.g., from highways). The basic data in this calculation are the intensity and the duration of a rainstorm. Different procedures used in the analysis of Equivalent Design Rainfall (EDR) in Slovenia and abroad are described. The stochastic model used is presented in more detail because of its applicability for the determination of the probability of the occurrence of partial rainfalls of higher frequencies and the determination of the lower limit of rainfall evaluation. Computation procedures and the results of the evaluation of rainfall data according to the stochastic model are presented for Ljubljana

Performance analysis of small wastewater treatment plants for mountain lodges

This paper presents the operation of seven small municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) at mountain huts all over Slovenia. The studied WWTPs were selected as a representative sample based on inventory of all WWTPs of Alpine Association of Slovenia. Performance efficiency of selected WWTPs was carried out on the basis of 20 parameters obtained by field measurements and laboratory analyses of wastewater, which was sampled in winter and summer. Together, we carried out 200 hours of field research in the mountains.\ud Based on the assessment of the operation efficiency of selected WWTPs, proposals for their improvements were suggested. In addition to improvement proposals, the paper includes suggestions for Slovenian legislation complementation, proposals for engineers and planers, operators, producers, and suggestions for improvement and standardization of field measurements and sampling. This paper presents the first extensive survey of WWTP performance in the frame of Alpine Association of Slovenia and can serve as a basis for further studies of WWTPs at mountain huts, characterized by high fluctuations of influent wastewater.\ud The paper presents research, primarily based on field work, the key results and describes the main findings and unanswered questions. It also presents the key changes in the frame of new Regulation (2012) regarding mountain huts or non-permanent inhabited buildings.\u

Vpliv naprednih oksidacijskih procesov (AOPs) na biorazgradljivost komunalne odpadne\ud vode za njeno ponovno uporabo v tekstilni industriji

Reuse of treated municipal wastewater to supplement part of fresh water is becoming more and more\ud important. However, treated water can contain some pollutants that cannot be successfully removed with\ud classical biological wastewater treatment processes. Aim of the study presented was to assess whether\ud advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and special enzymes enhance biodegradation of municipal wastewater\ud and if treated municipal wastewater can be reused in the production process of textile industry. To test\ud biodegradability we used a small-scale pilot wastewater treatment plant (PWWTP) consisting of six parallel\ud bioreactors with suspended activated sludge (CAS type). Bioreactors were supplied with untreated municipal\ud wastewater, AOP-treated municipal wastewater and AOP-treated municipal wastewater with addition of\ud special enzymes. The results showed that AOPs contributed to better biodegradation while enzymes did not.\ud Municipal wastewater treated by a combination of AOP and biological treatment was not suitable for reuse\ud in the dyeing process, but could potentially be reused in some other processes in the textile industry

Effect of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the biodegradability of municipal wastewater for its reuse in the textile industry

Reuse of treated municipal wastewater to supplement part of fresh water is becoming more and more\ud important. However, treated water can contain some pollutants that cannot be successfully removed with\ud classical biological wastewater treatment processes. Aim of the study presented was to assess whether\ud advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and special enzymes enhance biodegradation of municipal wastewater\ud and if treated municipal wastewater can be reused in the production process of textile industry. To test\ud biodegradability we used a small-scale pilot wastewater treatment plant (PWWTP) consisting of six parallel\ud bioreactors with suspended activated sludge (CAS type). Bioreactors were supplied with untreated municipal\ud wastewater, AOP-treated municipal wastewater and AOP-treated municipal wastewater with addition of\ud special enzymes. The results showed that AOPs contributed to better biodegradation while enzymes did not.\ud Municipal wastewater treated by a combination of AOP and biological treatment was not suitable for reuse\ud in the dyeing process, but could potentially be reused in some other processes in the textile industry

Recycling of textile wastewaters treated with various combinations of advanced oxidation processes (AOP)

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely used for treatment of wastewaters containing recalcitrant\ud organic compounds from industrial and municipal wastewater; many advantages over other technologies\ud have been found and good treatment results have been obtained so far. Approaches which reduce fresh water\ud consumption are especially important for regions with shortage in fresh water resources and in high waterconsuming\ud industries. Within AOP4Water (a multinational project funded under the CORNET programme),\ud combinations of different AOP methods are being tested with the final aim to enable cost-efficient reuse of\ud AOP-treated effluents from textile industry. The key to wastewater reuse lies in increasing the efficiency of\ud AOP treatment that ensures the required water quality and decreasing operational costs. In the present study\ud a series of experiments was performed with real textile industry effluents using a single AOP method as well\ud as combinations. Following AOP treatments were applied: ozone (O3); O3+ UV irradiation (UV); O3 +\ud hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); and O3 + H2O2 + UV. The most effective combination for colour and COD\ud removal was O3 + H2O2 + UV with 75% - 86% of colour removal and 15% of COD removal

Permanently protected agricultural land and the location of water sources suitable for irrigation

To aid the formation of the suggested areas of\ud permanently protected agricultural land, an allocation\ud algorithm was developed and used to establish the\ud irrigation water use potential of surface waters\ud streams, reservoirs, groundwater and treated municipal\ud wastewater, with the case study area of Slovenia.\ud The result is a map of the irrigation water use\ud potential, regarding the location and water source\ud use suitability for irrigation. The map shows areas\ud where the permanent protection of agricultural land\ud would be either most suitable either least suitable.\ud The appearance of the map depends on several water\ud management aspects, i.e. water demand management,\ud water use administration, the targeted management\ud of water infrastructure and the development of new\ud water sources

Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats: Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases

Respiratory tract disease can be associated with primary or secondary bacterial infections in dogs and cats and is a common reason for use and potential misuse, improper use, and overuse of antimicrobials. There is a lack of comprehensive treatment guidelines such as those that are available for human medicine. Accordingly, the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases convened a Working Group of clinical microbiologists, pharmacologists, and internists to share experiences, examine scientific data, review clinical trials, and develop these guidelines to assist veterinarians in making antimicrobial treatment choices for use in the management of bacterial respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.M.R. Lappin, J. Blondeau, D. Boothe, E.B. Breitschwerdt, L. Guardabassi, D.H. Lloyd, M.G. Papich, S.C. Rankin, J.E. Sykes, J. Turnidge, and J.S. Wees

Relating nutrient ratios to mucilage events in Northern Adriatic

The north western part of the northern Adriaticexhibits eutrophic to mesotrophic characteristicswith recurrent algal blooms and quiteunpredictable mucilage events. To contribute to theunderstanding of the mucilage events in thenorthern Adriatic, a machine learning algorithmfor induction of regression trees was applied to adata set comprising physical and chemicalparameters, measured at six stations on the profilefrom the Po River delta (Italy) to Rovinj on thewestern Istrian coast (Croatia). A modeldescribing the connection between the TIN/PO 4ratio, considered as a necessary factor andsometimes even a trigger for mucilage events, andthe environmental conditions in northern Adriaticwas elaborated. The model for TIN/PO 4 ratioconfirmed the assumption that the mucilage eventsare connected with the changes of this ratio in thesystem. This indicates that at certain levels of Plimitation (TIN/PO 4 signal indicate) mucilageevent frequency increases. The model also revealswhich triggers are responsible (salinity andtemperature) for the changes of the TIN/PO 4 ratioas well as their threshold values. As contrasted toto the TIN/PO 4 ratio, the mucilage events could notbe attributed to the TIN/SiO 4 ratio

Principles for a Second Century of Film Legislation

Following a century of legislation about film and the film industry in the UK, and the latest in a series of reports on ‘film policy’, this paper investigates the relationship between law, policy and film. Case studies on the definition of ‘film’ in a time of technological and cultural change consider the privileged position of the cinema in terms of censorship and tax, including the new phenomenon of ‘alternative content’; that is, live relays of theatrical performances. Institutional change is assessed and criticised, particularly the abolition of the UK Film Council and the steady move from statute to executive action. The paper sets out a case for the role of the state to be set out in legislation and the cultural consequences of legal definitions to be taken more seriously