"Bicho-grilo de raiz" : estilos de vida entrecruzados em uma tribo de adeptos de alimentação orgânica

The present study aims to build the different lifestyles that intersect in an urban tribe of adepts of organic foods. For this, the concepts of the lifestyle of Giddens (2002) and of Maffesoli (2006) related to the urban tribes are allied. As a data collection technique, 4 interviews were conducted in a group, in a format that resembled an "afternoon coffee", with a total of 17 subjects. The meetings took place in the house of the research itself with the intention of promoting an informal and relaxed atmosphere, allowing the interviewees to feel the desire to expose their experiences and narratives. For an analysis, use a thematic category type content analysis technique. An urban tribe identified for the so-called "cricket" tribe, which is the denomination of "cricket" tribe, which is the denomination of cricket tribe. From the analysis of the interviews emerged 3 categories, being: delineating an organic tribe, focusing our processes of identification and differentiation; Autonarratives and lived experiences, addressing the reports on how the living experiences on the issues affect and affected their choices; Day-to-day practices and lifestyle building, unraveling practices and habits shared by individuals in the tribe of crickets, such as recycling garbage, going to organic fairs, preferring alternative medicines and being adept at seeking less consumption.O presente estudo objetiva compreender como se constroem os diferentes estilos de vida que se entrecruzam em uma tribo urbana de adeptos da alimentação orgânica. Para isso, aliam-se os conceitos sobre estilo de vida de Giddens (2002) e de Maffesoli (2006) referente a tribos urbanas. Como técnica de coleta de dados realizaram-se 4 entrevistas em um grupo, em um formato que lembrava um “café da tarde”, com um total de 17 sujeitos. Os encontros ocorreram na casa da própria pesquisadora com o intuito de promover um ambiente informal e descontraído, permitindo que os entrevistados se sentissem a vontade de expor suas experiências e narrativas. Para a análise utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial temática. A tribo urbana identificada foi denominada de tribo dos “bichosgrilo”, sendo que a partir das entrevistas foram delineadas práticas reflexivas por eles compartilhadas bem como aspetos simbólicos como preocupações coletivistas. Da análise das entrevistas emergiram 3 categorias, sendo elas: delineando a tribo dos orgânicos, focando nos processos de identificação e diferenciação; autonarrativas e experiências vividas, abordando os relatos sobre como as experiências vividas pelos sujeitos afetam e afetaram suas escolhas; práticas cotidianas e a construção dos estilos de vida, desvendando as práticas e os hábitos compartilhados pelos sujeitos na tribo dos bichos-grilo, como reciclar o lixo, ir a feiras orgânicas, preferir medicinas alternativas e serem adeptos da busca por menos consumoCAPE

Study of the sensor response of spun metal phthalocyanine films to volatile organic vapors using surface plasmon resonance

tIn this work, thin films of chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc), fluoroaluminium phthalocyanine(FAlPc) and fluorochromium phthalocyanine (FCrPc), which are insoluble in conventional solvents, weredeposited by spin coating of their solutions in trifluoroacetic acid. The sensing response of these filmsversus acetic acid, three alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol) and three amines (methylamine, dimethy-lamine, trimethylamine) have been investigated using surface plasmon resonance as the sensing method.It has been shown that the sensor response of the investigated films decreases in the following order:acetic acid > alcohols > amines. The optical changes as monitored by SPR method have been used in con-junction with Fick’s second law of diffusion to determine the diffusion coefficients of analyte vapor duringthe films’ swelling process. The obtained results showed that the diffusion coefficients and the swellingcharacteristics of the films are dependent on the functional group of the phthalocyanine molecule andthe molecular size of the analyte

Intrauterine food restriction impairs the lipogenesis process in the mesenteric adipocytes from low-birth-weight rats into adulthood

BackgroundIntrauterine food restriction (IFR) during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW) and obesity in adulthood. It is known that white adipose tissue (WAT) plays critical metabolic and endocrine functions; however, this tissue’s behavior before weight gain and obesity into adulthood is poorly studied. Thus, we evaluated the repercussions of IFR on the lipogenesis and lipolysis processes in the offspring and described the effects on WAT inflammatory cytokine production and secretion.MethodsWe induced IFR by providing gestating rats with 50% of the necessary chow daily amount during all gestational periods. After birth, we monitored the offspring for 12 weeks. The capacity of isolated fat cells from mesenteric white adipose tissue (meWAT) to perform lipogenesis (14C-labeled glucose incorporation into lipids) and lipolysis (with or without isoproterenol) was assessed. The expression levels of genes linked to these processes were measured by real-time PCR. In parallel, Multiplex assays were conducted to analyze pro-inflammatory markers, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, in the meWAT.ResultsTwelve-week-old LBW rats presented elevated serum triacylglycerol (TAG) content and attenuated lipogenesis and lipolysis compared to control animals. Inflammatory cytokine levels were increased in the meWAT of LBW rats, evidenced by augmented secretion by adipocytes and upregulated gene and protein expression by the tissue. However, there were no significant alterations in the serum cytokines content from the LBW group. Additionally, liver weight, TAG content in the hepatocytes and serum glucocorticoid levels were increased in the LBW group.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that IFR throughout pregnancy yields LBW offspring characterized by inhibited lipogenesis and lipolysis and reduced meWAT lipid storage at 12 weeks. The increased serum TAG content may contribute to the augmented synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory markers detected in the LBW group

Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 epidemic in Japan: vaccine effectiveness real-time surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 (VERSUS)

Background: Evaluating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) domestically is crucial for assessing and determining national vaccination policy. This study aimed to evaluate VE of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in Japan. Methods: We conducted a multicenter test-negative case-control study. The study comprised indivi-duals aged ≥16 visiting medical facilities with COVID-19-related signs or symptoms from 1 January to 26 June 2022, when Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were dominant nationwide. We evaluated VE of primary and booster vaccination against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and relative VE of booster compared with primary.Results: We enrolled 7,931 episodes, including 3,055 test positive. The median age was 39, 48.0% were male, and 20.5% had underlying medical conditions. In individuals aged 16 to 64, VE of primary vaccination within 90 days was 35.6% (95% CI, 19.0–48.8%). After booster, VE increased to 68.7% (60.6–75.1%). In individuals aged ≥65, VE of primary and booster was 31.2% (−44.0–67.1%) and 76.5% (46.7–89.7%), respectively. Relative VE of booster compared with primary vaccination was 52.9% (41.0– 62.5%) in individuals aged 16 to 64 and 65.9% (35.7–81.9%) in individuals aged ≥65.Conclusions: During BA.1 and BA.2 epidemic in Japan, mRNA COVID-19 primary vaccination provided modest protection. Booster vaccination was necessary to protect against symptomatic infections

Effectiveness of Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines Against Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections During the Delta Variant Epidemic in Japan: Vaccine Effectiveness Real-time Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 (VERSUS)

Background. Although high vaccine effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been reported in studies in several countries, data are limited from Asian countries, especially against the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant.Methods. We conducted a multicenter test-negative case-control study in patients aged ≥16 years visiting hospitals or clinics with signs or symptoms consistent with COVID-19 from 1 July to 30 September 2021, when the Delta variant was dominant (≥90% of SARS-CoV-2 infections) nationwide in Japan. Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections was evaluated. Waning immunity among patients aged 16–64 years was also assessed.Results. We enrolled 1936 patients, including 396 test-positive cases and 1540 test-negative controls for SARS-CoV-2. The median age was 49 years, 53.4% were male, and 34.0% had underlying medical conditions. Full vaccination (receiving 2 doses ≥14 days before symptom onset) was received by 6.6% of cases and 38.8% of controls. Vaccine effectiveness of full vaccination against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections was 88.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.8%–93.9%) among patients aged 16–64 years and 90.3% (95% CI, 73.6%–96.4%) among patients aged ≥65 years. Among patients aged 16–64 years, vaccine effectiveness was 91.8% (95% CI, 80.3%–96.6%) within 1–3 months after full vaccination, and 86.4% (95% CI, 56.9%–95.7%) within 4–6 months.Conclusions. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines had high effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in Japan during July–September 2021, when the Delta variant was dominant nationwide

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Nesse trabalho pode ser encontrada uma comparação entre três métodos de estimação direta da função de incidência acumulada da causa específica. Dois deles baseiam-se na distribuição Gompertz e foram propostos para modelagem de dados com presença simultânea de riscos competitivos e fração de cura. O terceiro método baseia-se no uso de pseudo-valores, que foi inicialmente proposto para uso em riscos competitivos, mas como atende às premissas de dados com fração de cura, foi explorado nesse trabalho.not availabl

Electromyographic analysis of the initial stage of wheelchair propulsion

Propulsionar cadeira de rodas (CR) está relacionado a altas incidências de dores e lesões em usuários de cadeira de rodas (UCR). Embora seja reconhecida como uma forma de baixa eficiência para se locomover, representa fundamental importância para o desempenho dessas pessoas nas atividades de vida diária, ocupacionais, de lazer e em sua participação social. Ao longo dos estudos sobre a propulsão nas últimas décadas, foi notado recentemente em especial, que a propulsão inicial que retira o sistema usuário-cadeira de rodas do repouso, o colocando em movimento, apresentam a maiores solicitações mecânicas. Considerando que esta situação é executada várias vezes durante o uso típico da cadeira de rodas, torna-a relevante objeto de estudo. Como até o momento, pouco foram os estudos sobre a fase inicial da autopropulsão e que do ponto de vista da neuroativação, esse movimento não foi abordado, este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o gesto da fase inicial da autopropulsão de cadeira de rodas manual de UCR, por meio da eletromiografia, apresentando os níveis atingidos de ativação muscular e o perfil do comportamento de ativação ao longo da execução do gesto da autopropulsão. Para isso foram avaliados oito grupos musculares envolvidos nesse gesto de onze UCR. Os sinais eletromiográficos foram coletados dos oito grupos musculares, simultaneamente, durante a execução de dez propulsões, partindo do repouso, de cada UCR participante da pesquisa. Com relação aos níveis de ativações musculares, foi introduzido um método alternativo de normalização. Esse método consiste na realização do teste de contração isométrica máxima na própria CR. Os resultados foram apresentados em boxplot a fim de demonstrar o pico de ativação bem como a distribuição dos demais níveis de ativação. Como o novo método proposto demonstrou limitações, inviabilizou a interpretação dos resultados quanto as intensidades calculadas. Sobre o perfil de acionamento muscular ao longo da execução da autopropulsão, os resultados foram expostos em gráficos normalizados pelo pico dinâmico e em relação ao período de um ciclo de propulsão, evidenciando o comportamento ativado em cada instante do ciclo. Segundo os resultados dessa segunda metodologia, entre os oito grupos musculares examinados, os que apresentaram os maiores picos de ativação foram: deltoide anterior (80,27%), o peitoral maior (79,27%), os flexores de punho (78,93%) e os extensores de punho (80,65%). Os achados colaboram com estudos anteriores de outros autores de que os principais grupos musculares efetores na propulsão de CR são o deltóide anterior (DA) e peitoral maior (PM).Propelling wheelchair (CR) is related to high incidences of pain and injury in wheelchair users (WCU). Although this locomotion way be known as low efficient locomotion mode, it represents fundamental importance for these people performance in daily living activities, occupational, leisure and in their social participation. Over the studies course on propulsion in recent decades, it has recently been noted, particularly, that the initial stage of wheelchair propulsion which retires the user-wheelchair system from resting, putting it into motion, presents greater mechanical stresses. It considering this situation is executed several times during the typical wheelchair usage, it makes this relevant study object. As until current moment, there are few studies about initial stage of wheelchair propulsion and, from the neuroactivation point of view, this movement was not approached, this study aims to describe the gesture of initial stage of manual wheelchair propulsion from WCU, across electromyography, presenting the muscular activation levels achieved and the recruited behavior profile during the propulsion gesture execution. For this problem, eight muscle groups involved in this gesture were evaluated from eleven WCU. Electromyographic signals were collected from these eight muscle groups, simultaneously, during ten propulsions execution, starting from resting, of each WCU participant of the research. Regarding the muscular activation levels, an alternative normalization method was introduced. This method consists in performing the maximum isometric contraction test on the wheelchair itself. The results were showed in boxplot in order to demonstrate the activation peak as well as the remaining activation levels distribution. As the new method proposed showed limitations, a better results interpretation was not possible on calculated intensities. Regarding the muscular activation profile during the propulsion execution, the results were exposed in graphs normalized by the dynamic peak as well as in relation to a single propulsion cycle, evidencing the activated behavior at each cycle moment. According to the results based on second methodology, among the eight muscle groups examined, the ones which presented the highest activation peaks values were: the anterior deltoid (80.27%), the pectoralis major (79.27%), the wrist flexors (78, 93%) and the wrist extensors (80.65%). The findings agree with previous studies by other authors that the main effector muscle groups in CR propulsion are anterior deltoid (DA) and pectoralis major (PM)