2,154 research outputs found
Tracing magnetic separators and their dependence on IMF clock angle in global magnetospheric simulations
A new, efficient, and highly accurate method for tracing magnetic separators
in global magnetospheric simulations with arbitrary clock angle is presented.
The technique is to begin at a magnetic null and iteratively march along the
separator by finding where four magnetic topologies meet on a spherical
surface. The technique is verified using exact solutions for separators
resulting from an analytic magnetic field model that superposes dipolar and
uniform magnetic fields. Global resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations are
performed using the three-dimensional BATS-R-US code with a uniform
resistivity, in eight distinct simulations with interplanetary magnetic field
(IMF) clock angles ranging from 0 (parallel) to 180 degrees (anti-parallel).
Magnetic nulls and separators are found in the simulations, and it is shown
that separators traced here are accurate for any clock angle, unlike the last
closed field line on the Sun-Earth line that fails for southward IMF. Trends in
magnetic null locations and the structure of magnetic separators as a function
of clock angle are presented and compared with those from the analytic field
model. There are many qualitative similarities between the two models, but
quantitative differences are also noted. Dependence on solar wind density is
briefly investigated.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, Presented at 2012 AGU Fall Meeting and 2013
Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Worksho
Optomechanical quantum information processing with photons and phonons
We describe how strong resonant interactions in multimode optomechanical
systems can be used to induce controlled nonlinear couplings between single
photons and phonons. Combined with linear mapping schemes between photons and
phonons, these techniques provide a universal building block for various
classical and quantum information processing applications. Our approach is
especially suited for nano-optomechanical devices, where strong optomechanical
interactions on a single photon level are within experimental reach.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
The local dayside reconnection rate for oblique interplanetary magnetic fields
We present an analysis of local properties of magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause for various interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations in global magnetospheric simulations. This has heretofore not been practical because it is difficult to locate where reconnection occurs for oblique IMF, but new techniques make this possible. The approach is to identify magnetic separators, the curves separating four regions of differing magnetic topology, which map the reconnection X-line. The electric field parallel to the X-line is the local reconnection rate. We compare results to a simple model of local two-dimensional asymmetric reconnection. To do so, we find the plasma parameters that locally drive reconnection in the magnetosheath and magnetosphere in planes perpendicular to the X-line at a large number of points along the X-line. The global magnetohydrodynamic simulations are from the three-dimensional Block-Adaptive, Tree Solarwind Roe-type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) code with a uniform resistivity, although the techniques described here are extensible to any global magnetospheric simulation model. We find that the predicted local reconnection rates scale well with the measured values for all simulations, being nearly exact for due southward IMF. However, the absolute predictions differ by an undetermined constant of proportionality, whose magnitude increases as the IMF clock angle changes from southward to northward. We also show similar scaling agreement in a simulation with oblique southward IMF and a dipole tilt. The present results will be an important component of a full understanding of the local and global properties of dayside reconnection
Asymmetric magnetic reconnection with a flow shear and applications to the magnetopause
We perform a theoretical and numerical study of anti-parallel 2D magnetic
reconnection with asymmetries in the density and reconnecting magnetic field
strength in addition to a bulk flow shear across the reconnection site in the
plane of the reconnecting fields, which commonly occurs at planetary
magnetospheres. We predict the speed at which an isolated X-line is convected
by the flow, the reconnection rate, and the critical flow speed at which
reconnection no longer takes place for arbitrary reconnecting magnetic field
strengths, densities, and upstream flow speeds, and confirm the results with
two-fluid numerical simulations. The predictions and simulation results counter
the prevailing model of reconnection at Earth's dayside magnetopause which says
reconnection occurs with a stationary X-line for sub-Alfvenic magnetosheath
flow, reconnection occurs but the X-line convects for magnetosheath flows
between the Alfven speed and double the Alfven speed, and reconnection does not
occur for magnetosheath flows greater than double the Alfven speed. We find
that X-line motion is governed by momentum conservation from the upstream
flows, which are weighted differently in asymmetric systems, so the X-line
convects for generic conditions including sub-Alfvenic upstream speeds. For the
reconnection rate, while the cutoff condition for symmetric reconnection is
that the difference in flows on the two sides of the reconnection site is twice
the Alfven speed, we find asymmetries cause the cutoff speed for asymmetric
reconnection to be higher than twice the asymmetric form of the Alfven speed.
The results compare favorably with an observation of reconnection at Earth's
polar cusps during a period of northward interplanetary magnetic field, where
reconnection occurs despite the magnetosheath flow speed being more than twice
the magnetosheath Alfven speed, the previously proposed suppression condition.Comment: 46 pages, 7 figures, abstract abridged here, accepted to Journal of
Geophysical Research - Space Physic
Electromagnetic Energy for a Charged Kerr Black Hole in a Uniform Magnetic Field
With the Komar mass formula we calculate the electromagnetic energy for a
charged Kerr black hole in a uniform magnetic field. We find that the total
electromagnetic energy takes the minimum when the Kerr black hole possesses a
non-zero net charge where is the strength of the
magnetic field, is the angular momentum of the black hole, is a
dimensionless parameter determined by the spin of the black hole.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Moving boulders in flash floods and estimating flow conditions using boulders in ancient deposits
Boulders moving in flash floods cause considerable damage and casualties. More and bigger boulders move in flash floods than predicted from published theory. The interpretation of flow conditions from the size of large particles within flash flood deposits has, until now, generally assumed that the velocity (or discharge) is unchanging in time (i.e. flow is steady), or changes instantaneously between periods of constant conditions. Standard practice is to apply theories developed for steady flow conditions to flash floods, which are however inherently very unsteady flows. This is likely to lead to overestimates of peak flow velocity (or discharge). Flash floods are characterised by extremely rapid variations in flow that generate significant transient forces in addition to the mean-flow drag. These transient forces, generated by rapid velocity changes, are generally ignored in published theories, but they are briefly so large that they could initiate the motion of boulders. This paper develops a theory for the initiation of boulder movement due to the additional impulsive force generated by unsteady flow, and discusses the implications. Keywords
Symmetry, singularities and integrability in complex dynamics III: approximate symmetries and invariants
The different natures of approximate symmetries and their corresponding first
integrals/invariants are delineated in the contexts of both Lie symmetries of
ordinary differential equations and Noether symmetries of the Action Integral.
Particular note is taken of the effect of taking higher orders of the
perturbation parameter. Approximate symmetries of approximate first
integrals/invariants and the problems of calculating them using the Lie method
are considered
Consequences of a covariant Description of Heavy Ion Reactions at intermediate Energies
Heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies are studied by using a new RQMD
code, which is a covariant generalization of the QMD approach. We show that
this new implementation is able to produce the same results in the
nonrelativistic limit (i.e. 50MeV/nucl.) as the non-covariant QMD. Such a
comparison is not available in the literature. At higher energies (i.e. 1.5
GeV/nucl. and 2 GeV/nucl.) RQMD and QMD give different results in respect to
the time evolution of the phase space, for example for the directed transverse
flow. These differences show that consequences of a covariant description of
heavy ion reactions within the framework of RQMD are existing even at
intermediate energies.Comment: LaTex-file, 28 pages, 8 figures (available upon request), accepted
for publication in Physical Review
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