Interdisciplinarno poučavanje kulturne baštine Slavonskog Broda kao doprinos praksi

Svijet oko nas organiziran je tako da svi dijelovi prirodnih i društvenih sustava ovise jedni o drugima i funkcioniraju jedino kad su usklađeni. Kultura ujedinjuje vrednote i norme ponašanja što pojedincu omogućuje napredak u zadovoljavanju vlastitih potreba, pazeći pri tome da ne šteti društvu u kojem se razvija. Bez kulture nije moguć život pojedinca unutar društvene zajednice, a život društvene zajednice oslikan je kroz kulturnu baštinu. Postoji mnogo oblika kulturne baštine i oni u sebi kriju različita značenja i vrijednosti, a imaju veliku ulogu u oblikovanju kulturnog identiteta pojedinca. Zašto je kulturna baština bitna u kultiviranju učenika razredne nastave i koliko se kulturna baština može uključiti u nastavu, raspravlja se u ovom radu. Namjera je razjasniti pojmove vezane za kulturnu baštinu, opisati vrste kulturne baštine i istražiti kulturnu baštinu grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice. Kao doprinos praksi, u ovom radu iznosi se prijedlog za interdisciplinarno poučavanje zavičajne baštine, odnosno baštine grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice

Interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage

vijet oko nas organiziran je tako da svi dijelovi prirodnih i društvenih sustava ovise jedni o drugima i funkcioniraju jedino kad su usklađeni. Kultura ujedinjuje vrednote i norme ponašanja što pojedincu omogućuje napredak u zadovoljavanju vlastitih potreba, pazeći pri tome da ne šteti društvu u kojem se razvija. Bez kulture nije moguć život pojedinca unutar društvene zajednice, a život društvene zajednice oslikan je kroz kulturnu baštinu. Postoji mnogo oblika kulturne baštine i oni u sebi kriju različita značenja i vrijednosti, a imaju veliku ulogu u oblikovanju kulturnog identiteta pojedinca. Zašto je kulturna baština bitna u kultiviranju učenika razredne nastave i koliko se kulturna baština može uključiti u nastavu, raspravlja se u ovom diplomskom radu. Namjera je razjasniti pojmove vezane za kulturnu baštinu, opisati vrste kulturne baštine i istražiti kulturnu baštinu grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice. Kao doprinos praksi, u ovom radu iznosi se prijedlog za interdisciplinarno poučavanje zavičajne baštine, odnosno baštine grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice.The world around us is organized so that all parts of natural and social systems depend on each other and function only when they are aligned. Culture unites values and norms of behavior that allow an individual to progress in meeting their own needs, while ensuring that it does not harm the society in which it develops. Without culture, the life of an individual within a social community is not possible, and the life of a social community is depicted through cultural heritage. There are many forms of cultural heritage and they hide different meanings and values, and they play a major role in shaping the cultural identity of the individual. Why cultural heritage is important in the cultivation of primary school students and how much cultural heritage can be included in teaching is discussed in this thesis. The intention is to clarify the concepts related to cultural heritage, describe the types of cultural heritage and explore the cultural heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings. As a contribution to practice, this paper presents a proposal for interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage, ie the heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings

Interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage

vijet oko nas organiziran je tako da svi dijelovi prirodnih i društvenih sustava ovise jedni o drugima i funkcioniraju jedino kad su usklađeni. Kultura ujedinjuje vrednote i norme ponašanja što pojedincu omogućuje napredak u zadovoljavanju vlastitih potreba, pazeći pri tome da ne šteti društvu u kojem se razvija. Bez kulture nije moguć život pojedinca unutar društvene zajednice, a život društvene zajednice oslikan je kroz kulturnu baštinu. Postoji mnogo oblika kulturne baštine i oni u sebi kriju različita značenja i vrijednosti, a imaju veliku ulogu u oblikovanju kulturnog identiteta pojedinca. Zašto je kulturna baština bitna u kultiviranju učenika razredne nastave i koliko se kulturna baština može uključiti u nastavu, raspravlja se u ovom diplomskom radu. Namjera je razjasniti pojmove vezane za kulturnu baštinu, opisati vrste kulturne baštine i istražiti kulturnu baštinu grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice. Kao doprinos praksi, u ovom radu iznosi se prijedlog za interdisciplinarno poučavanje zavičajne baštine, odnosno baštine grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice.The world around us is organized so that all parts of natural and social systems depend on each other and function only when they are aligned. Culture unites values and norms of behavior that allow an individual to progress in meeting their own needs, while ensuring that it does not harm the society in which it develops. Without culture, the life of an individual within a social community is not possible, and the life of a social community is depicted through cultural heritage. There are many forms of cultural heritage and they hide different meanings and values, and they play a major role in shaping the cultural identity of the individual. Why cultural heritage is important in the cultivation of primary school students and how much cultural heritage can be included in teaching is discussed in this thesis. The intention is to clarify the concepts related to cultural heritage, describe the types of cultural heritage and explore the cultural heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings. As a contribution to practice, this paper presents a proposal for interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage, ie the heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings

New biomarkers for targeted immunotherapy in endometrial cancer

Karcinom endometrija (KE) najčešća je zloćudna novotvorina ženskog spolnog sustava i četvrti najčešći karcinom kod žena u zemljama razvijenog svijeta. U proteklom desetljeću incidencija KE bilježi porast od 2,4% i mortaliteta 1,9% godišnje. Ovaj neuspjeh u prevenciji i liječenju dijelom počiva na činjenici slabog razumijevanja heterogenosti i biološke raznolikosti ove zloćudne bolesti. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network nudi novu klasifikaciju KE kojom definira četiri podskupine karcinoma na temelju njihovih genetskih karakteristika. Integracija njihovih saznanja u postojeću klasifikaciju čini se nužna za stvaranje optimalne dijagnostičke i prognostičke klasifikacije. Ultramutirani tumori s velikim brojem somatskih mutacija unutar egzonuklearne domene DNA polimeraze epsilon (engl. polymerase epsilon exonuclease domain, POLE) i hipermutirani tumori s mikrosatelitnom nestabilnošću (engl. microsatellite instability, MSI), dvije su podskupine KE koji pokazuju visoku stopu ekspresija proteina programirane smrti 1 (engl. programmed death-1, PD-1) i njegova liganda (engl. programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1). Farmakološka inhibicija puta PD-1 / PD-L1 omogućava reaktivaciju imunološkog odgovora protiv tumora, odnosno smanjuje tumorom induciranu imunološku supresiju. Ova hipoteza je dala uspješne kliničke rezultate u drugim vrstama malignih bolesti kao što su nesitnostanični karcinomi pluća, melanom, karcinoma bubrega i mokraćnog mjehura. Nivolumab i pembrolizumab, oba monoklonska protutijela na PD-1 limfocitni receptor, dali su zadovoljavajuće preliminarne rezultate u imunoterapiji KE i znatno manju citotoksičnost od standardne adjuvantne terapije.Endometrial cancer (ED) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system and the fourth most common cancer in women in the developed world. In the past decade, the incidence of ED has increased by 2.4% and mortality by 1.9% per year. This failure in prevention and treatment rests in part on the fact of a poor understanding of the heterogeneity and biodiversity of this malignancy. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network provides a new classification of ED which defines four subgroups of cancers based on their genetic characteristics. The integration of their knowledge into the existing classification seems necessary to create an optimal diagnostic and prognostic classification. Ultramutated tumors with a large number of somatic mutations within the polymerase epsilon exonuclease domain (POLE) and hypermutated tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI) are two subgroups of the ED with significant expression of PD-1 (programmed death-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (programmed death ligand-1). Pharmacological inhibition of the PD-1 / PD-L1 pathway enables reactivation of the immune response against the tumor and therefore reduces tumorinduced immune suppression. This hypothesis has shown successful clinical outcomes in other types of malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancers, melanoma, kidney, and bladder cancers. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab, both monoclonal antibodies to the PD-1 lymphocyte receptor, give solid preliminary results in ED immunotherapy and significantly lower cytotoxicity than standard adjuvant therapy

Interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage

vijet oko nas organiziran je tako da svi dijelovi prirodnih i društvenih sustava ovise jedni o drugima i funkcioniraju jedino kad su usklađeni. Kultura ujedinjuje vrednote i norme ponašanja što pojedincu omogućuje napredak u zadovoljavanju vlastitih potreba, pazeći pri tome da ne šteti društvu u kojem se razvija. Bez kulture nije moguć život pojedinca unutar društvene zajednice, a život društvene zajednice oslikan je kroz kulturnu baštinu. Postoji mnogo oblika kulturne baštine i oni u sebi kriju različita značenja i vrijednosti, a imaju veliku ulogu u oblikovanju kulturnog identiteta pojedinca. Zašto je kulturna baština bitna u kultiviranju učenika razredne nastave i koliko se kulturna baština može uključiti u nastavu, raspravlja se u ovom diplomskom radu. Namjera je razjasniti pojmove vezane za kulturnu baštinu, opisati vrste kulturne baštine i istražiti kulturnu baštinu grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice. Kao doprinos praksi, u ovom radu iznosi se prijedlog za interdisciplinarno poučavanje zavičajne baštine, odnosno baštine grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice.The world around us is organized so that all parts of natural and social systems depend on each other and function only when they are aligned. Culture unites values and norms of behavior that allow an individual to progress in meeting their own needs, while ensuring that it does not harm the society in which it develops. Without culture, the life of an individual within a social community is not possible, and the life of a social community is depicted through cultural heritage. There are many forms of cultural heritage and they hide different meanings and values, and they play a major role in shaping the cultural identity of the individual. Why cultural heritage is important in the cultivation of primary school students and how much cultural heritage can be included in teaching is discussed in this thesis. The intention is to clarify the concepts related to cultural heritage, describe the types of cultural heritage and explore the cultural heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings. As a contribution to practice, this paper presents a proposal for interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage, ie the heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings

New biomarkers for targeted immunotherapy in endometrial cancer

Karcinom endometrija (KE) najčešća je zloćudna novotvorina ženskog spolnog sustava i četvrti najčešći karcinom kod žena u zemljama razvijenog svijeta. U proteklom desetljeću incidencija KE bilježi porast od 2,4% i mortaliteta 1,9% godišnje. Ovaj neuspjeh u prevenciji i liječenju dijelom počiva na činjenici slabog razumijevanja heterogenosti i biološke raznolikosti ove zloćudne bolesti. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network nudi novu klasifikaciju KE kojom definira četiri podskupine karcinoma na temelju njihovih genetskih karakteristika. Integracija njihovih saznanja u postojeću klasifikaciju čini se nužna za stvaranje optimalne dijagnostičke i prognostičke klasifikacije. Ultramutirani tumori s velikim brojem somatskih mutacija unutar egzonuklearne domene DNA polimeraze epsilon (engl. polymerase epsilon exonuclease domain, POLE) i hipermutirani tumori s mikrosatelitnom nestabilnošću (engl. microsatellite instability, MSI), dvije su podskupine KE koji pokazuju visoku stopu ekspresija proteina programirane smrti 1 (engl. programmed death-1, PD-1) i njegova liganda (engl. programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1). Farmakološka inhibicija puta PD-1 / PD-L1 omogućava reaktivaciju imunološkog odgovora protiv tumora, odnosno smanjuje tumorom induciranu imunološku supresiju. Ova hipoteza je dala uspješne kliničke rezultate u drugim vrstama malignih bolesti kao što su nesitnostanični karcinomi pluća, melanom, karcinoma bubrega i mokraćnog mjehura. Nivolumab i pembrolizumab, oba monoklonska protutijela na PD-1 limfocitni receptor, dali su zadovoljavajuće preliminarne rezultate u imunoterapiji KE i znatno manju citotoksičnost od standardne adjuvantne terapije.Endometrial cancer (ED) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system and the fourth most common cancer in women in the developed world. In the past decade, the incidence of ED has increased by 2.4% and mortality by 1.9% per year. This failure in prevention and treatment rests in part on the fact of a poor understanding of the heterogeneity and biodiversity of this malignancy. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network provides a new classification of ED which defines four subgroups of cancers based on their genetic characteristics. The integration of their knowledge into the existing classification seems necessary to create an optimal diagnostic and prognostic classification. Ultramutated tumors with a large number of somatic mutations within the polymerase epsilon exonuclease domain (POLE) and hypermutated tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI) are two subgroups of the ED with significant expression of PD-1 (programmed death-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (programmed death ligand-1). Pharmacological inhibition of the PD-1 / PD-L1 pathway enables reactivation of the immune response against the tumor and therefore reduces tumorinduced immune suppression. This hypothesis has shown successful clinical outcomes in other types of malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancers, melanoma, kidney, and bladder cancers. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab, both monoclonal antibodies to the PD-1 lymphocyte receptor, give solid preliminary results in ED immunotherapy and significantly lower cytotoxicity than standard adjuvant therapy

Interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage

vijet oko nas organiziran je tako da svi dijelovi prirodnih i društvenih sustava ovise jedni o drugima i funkcioniraju jedino kad su usklađeni. Kultura ujedinjuje vrednote i norme ponašanja što pojedincu omogućuje napredak u zadovoljavanju vlastitih potreba, pazeći pri tome da ne šteti društvu u kojem se razvija. Bez kulture nije moguć život pojedinca unutar društvene zajednice, a život društvene zajednice oslikan je kroz kulturnu baštinu. Postoji mnogo oblika kulturne baštine i oni u sebi kriju različita značenja i vrijednosti, a imaju veliku ulogu u oblikovanju kulturnog identiteta pojedinca. Zašto je kulturna baština bitna u kultiviranju učenika razredne nastave i koliko se kulturna baština može uključiti u nastavu, raspravlja se u ovom diplomskom radu. Namjera je razjasniti pojmove vezane za kulturnu baštinu, opisati vrste kulturne baštine i istražiti kulturnu baštinu grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice. Kao doprinos praksi, u ovom radu iznosi se prijedlog za interdisciplinarno poučavanje zavičajne baštine, odnosno baštine grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice.The world around us is organized so that all parts of natural and social systems depend on each other and function only when they are aligned. Culture unites values and norms of behavior that allow an individual to progress in meeting their own needs, while ensuring that it does not harm the society in which it develops. Without culture, the life of an individual within a social community is not possible, and the life of a social community is depicted through cultural heritage. There are many forms of cultural heritage and they hide different meanings and values, and they play a major role in shaping the cultural identity of the individual. Why cultural heritage is important in the cultivation of primary school students and how much cultural heritage can be included in teaching is discussed in this thesis. The intention is to clarify the concepts related to cultural heritage, describe the types of cultural heritage and explore the cultural heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings. As a contribution to practice, this paper presents a proposal for interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage, ie the heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings

Interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage

vijet oko nas organiziran je tako da svi dijelovi prirodnih i društvenih sustava ovise jedni o drugima i funkcioniraju jedino kad su usklađeni. Kultura ujedinjuje vrednote i norme ponašanja što pojedincu omogućuje napredak u zadovoljavanju vlastitih potreba, pazeći pri tome da ne šteti društvu u kojem se razvija. Bez kulture nije moguć život pojedinca unutar društvene zajednice, a život društvene zajednice oslikan je kroz kulturnu baštinu. Postoji mnogo oblika kulturne baštine i oni u sebi kriju različita značenja i vrijednosti, a imaju veliku ulogu u oblikovanju kulturnog identiteta pojedinca. Zašto je kulturna baština bitna u kultiviranju učenika razredne nastave i koliko se kulturna baština može uključiti u nastavu, raspravlja se u ovom diplomskom radu. Namjera je razjasniti pojmove vezane za kulturnu baštinu, opisati vrste kulturne baštine i istražiti kulturnu baštinu grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice. Kao doprinos praksi, u ovom radu iznosi se prijedlog za interdisciplinarno poučavanje zavičajne baštine, odnosno baštine grada Slavonskog Broda i okolice.The world around us is organized so that all parts of natural and social systems depend on each other and function only when they are aligned. Culture unites values and norms of behavior that allow an individual to progress in meeting their own needs, while ensuring that it does not harm the society in which it develops. Without culture, the life of an individual within a social community is not possible, and the life of a social community is depicted through cultural heritage. There are many forms of cultural heritage and they hide different meanings and values, and they play a major role in shaping the cultural identity of the individual. Why cultural heritage is important in the cultivation of primary school students and how much cultural heritage can be included in teaching is discussed in this thesis. The intention is to clarify the concepts related to cultural heritage, describe the types of cultural heritage and explore the cultural heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings. As a contribution to practice, this paper presents a proposal for interdisciplinary teaching of native heritage, ie the heritage of the city of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings

Effectiveness and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Older Cancer Patients

Background: The development of immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer care. However, old patients are underrepresented in most clinical trials, although they represent a significant proportion of real-world patients. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in patients older than the age of 70. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 145 patients aged 70 or older treated with ICIs for metastatic or unresectable cancer. Results: Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.4 months (95% CI 8.6–13.7), with no differences between octogenarians and septuagenarians (p = 0.41). Female gender (p = 0.04) and first-line treatment setting (p 0.005). Patients treated with ICIs in the first-line setting reported longer OS compared to treatment in the second-line setting (p < 0.001). Discontinuation of ICIs due to adverse effects was associated with both shorter PFS (p = 0.0005) and OS (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The effectiveness of ICIs in older cancer patients primarily depends on the line of treatment and treatment discontinuation. Octogenarians experienced similar treatment responses, PFS, OS, and adverse effects compared to septuagenarians