770 research outputs found
Some data on the static longitudinal stability and control of airplanes : design of control surfaces
In the solution of a number of problems on the stability and controllability of airplanes, there arises the necessity for knowing the characteristics of the tail surfaces of the types in common use today. Of those characteristics, the most important are the effectiveness and hinge moments of the tail surfaces. As has been shown in the present paper, there exists the possibility of determining these characteristics by the formulas obtained with a degree of accuracy sufficient for the purposes of preliminary computation. These formulas take into account a number of fundamental tail characteristics such as tail cut-outs on the control surface and the form of the control surface leading edge
Influence of Primary Cosmic Radiation Mass Composition on the Estimation of Eas Energy
At the Yakutsk EAS array E_em is determined by using measurements of EAS
Cherenkov light flux and charged particle flux. It is known from calculations
that these characteristics depend on a sort of primary particle and, therefore,
the estimation of E_em depends on a primary particle mass. In the work the
dependence of the E_em/E_0 ratio on the energy is given and experimental data
are compared with calculations by the QGSJET model. The calculations have been
carried out for the primary proton and iron nucleus. The average calculated
meaning of the value of E_em/E_0 ratio (between the proton and iron nucleus)
within experimental errors is in agreement with experimental data that doesnt
contradict to the mixed mass composition of primary cosmic radiation.Comment: 19th European Cosmic Ray Symposium. Aug 30 - Sep 3 2004, Florence,
Italy. 3 pages, 1 figure. Subbmitted for publication in International Journal
of Modern Physics
Composite and Nanomaterials
Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΉ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡ
, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ² ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ 133 β Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π΅Π²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ, Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ, Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½Π° β Β«ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΒ».A wide range of issues related to the production of high-quality traditional and nano-modified reactoplastic polymer composite materials using low-frequency ultrasound are considered. The problems of determinations used in nanotechnology are covered, and the current trends in the development of polymeric materials science are investigated with respect to nano-modified polymer composites. A number of effective patented protected means for producing nano-modified reactoplasty polymer composites have been analyzed. Methods for dispersing carbon nanotubes in organic solvents and in liquid polymeric media are described, as well as features of the nano-carbon modification of polymer composites based on epoxy oligomers. Examples of the use of traditional and nano-modified structural carbon plastics on the example of aerospace engineering are given. At the end of the manual are questions for self-control. For the training of applicants of PhD degree on specialty Β«Branch machine buildingΒ» and related specialties: engineering, chemical and construction industries. The academic discipline is Β«Composite and nanomaterialsΒ».Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β«ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° β Β«ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΒ»
Azimuthal modulation of the event rate of cosmic ray extensive air showers by the geomagnetic field
The Earth's magnetic field effect on the azimuthal distribution of extensive
air showers (EAS) of cosmic rays has been evaluated using a bulk of the Yakutsk
array data. The uniform azimuthal distribution of the EAS event rate is
rejected at the significance level 10^(-14). Amplitude of the first harmonics
of observed distribution depends on zenith angle as A1=0.2*sin^2(theta) and is
almost independent of the primary energy; the phase coincides with the magnetic
meridian. Basing upon the value of measured effect, the correction factor has
been derived for the particle density depending on a geomagnetic parameter of a
shower.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures in ps file
Fluctuations of Xmax and Primary Particle Mass Composition in the Range of Energy 5 10^{17} - 3 10^{19} ev by Yakutsk Data
The experimental distributions of \Xmax obtained with the Yakutsk EAS array
at fixed energies of , and
eV are analysed. A recent version of the QGSJET model is used as a tool of our
analysis. In the framework of this model, the most adequate mass composition of
primary particles satisfying the experimental data on \Xmax is selected.Comment: 19th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Aug 30 - Sep 3 2004, Florence,
Italy. 3 pages, 1 figure. Submitted for publication in International Journal
of Modern Physics
Crossover from hydrodynamic to acoustic drag on quartz tuning forks in normal and superfluid 4He
We present measurements of the drag forces on quartz tuning forks oscillating at low velocities in normal and superfluid 4He. We have investigated the dissipative drag over a wide range of frequencies, from 6.5 to 600 kHz, by using arrays of forks with varying prong lengths and by exciting the forks in their fundamental and first overtone modes. At low frequencies the behavior is dominated by laminar hydrodynamic drag, governed by the fluid viscosity. At higher frequencies acoustic drag is dominant and is described well by a three-dimensional model of sound emission
Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ’ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠ£ΠΠ¬Π‘ΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠΠ DC-DC ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ
The processesΒ are investigational in a two-stage inverter DC-DC/DC-AC structure associated with the presence of low-frequency input ripple current consumption.Β The simple model reflecting influence of the intermediate capacitor store of energy for the size of pulsations is offered.Β The timing diagramsΒ of current of the capacitive storage and ripple areΒ shown.Β The graphic dependences are resulted, allowing to estimate the size of pulsations and the additional power losses, due to their presence. Propose a compensation method to reduce input ripple current in a single-system voltage regulation on the capacitive storage device that allows you to achieve a significant reduction in ripple current minimum technical and cost without degrading system performance.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉΒ DC-DC/DC-ACΒ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
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