Bericht über das vom DGfE-Vorstand veranstaltete Roundtable-Gespräch \u27Digitales Publizieren und neues Urheberrecht\u27 am 24.10.2008 in Berlin

Die Diskussion des Roundtable-Gesprächs konzentrierte sich vor allem auf drei Fragenkomplexe, die hier zusammengefasst werden: 1) die absehbaren bzw. zu erwartenden Veränderungen des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens, 2) die Besonderheiten, die dabei im Blick auf die Erziehungswissenschaft als spezifische scientific community zu berücksichtigen sind, und 3) die Aufgaben, die auf die verschiedenen Akteure wie Verlage, Bibliotheken, WissenschaftlerInnen, Fachgesellschaften etc. zukommen. (DIPF/Orig.

"Veränderungen von Leuten, die etwas verändern wollen": über symbolische Gewalt und Bildungsprozesse in Emine Sevgi Özdamars Roman "Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn"

'Ausgehend von einem Bildungsbegriff, der Bildung als Transformation grundlegender Figuren des Welt- und Selbstverhältnisses in Auseinandersetzung mit neuartigen Herausforderungen versteht, wird danach gefragt, wie solche Bildungsprozesse trotz der relativen Stabilität gesellschaftlicher Machtstrukturen und trotz der subtilen Wirkungsweisen symbolischer Gewalt im Sinne Bourdieus möglich sind. Özdamars Roman wird dabei einerseits interpretiert als eindringliche Darstellung der Mechanismen symbolischer Gewalt am Arbeitsplatz, in der politischen Öffentlichkeit und in der Familie, und andererseits als gelungene Inszenierung einer subversiven Infragestellung dieser Gewalt, die ihren Rückhalt findet in kommunikativen Orten einer Art Gegenöffentlichkeit und im verfremdenden Gebrauch vorherrschender Sprachmuster.' (Autorenreferat)'Conceiving of individual development as of change occurring in the patterns of a subject's relations to the world and to his or herself and brought about by coping with novel challenges, the paper addresses the issue of how - in spite of the relative stability of power structures and notwithstanding the subtle modes of action of symbolic violence as described by Bourdieu - such processes of individual development are at all possible. Özdamar's novel is interpreted, on the one hand, as a vivid description of the mechanisms of symbolic violence operating at the workplace, in the political public and in the family and, on the other hand, as a successful enactment of subversive forms of challenging this violence, which find their support in the communicational sites of a kind of counter public and in the defamiliarizing use of hegemonic speech patterns.' (author's abstract)

Dealing with Discrimination and the Struggle for Social Advancement in Migrant Families: Theoretical and Methodo - logical Aspects of a Study on Adolescent Generational Dynamics in Turkish Migrant Families Subjected to Marginalization

What are the effects of experiences of discrimination on the adolescent process of detachment from the family? What strategies and forms do migrant families develop to deal with discrimination and how do parents’ ways of contending with discrimination affect those of their sons? Those are the central questions addressed by this study of the educational careers and adolescent detachment processes of sons from Turkish migrant families. Foregrounding the theoretical and methodological approaches, the study examines how the strategies handed specifically to sons influence their personal and educational histories. One of our findings is that the ways adolescents are able to address experiences of discrimination are heavily influenced by intergenerational communication processes

Vater-Sohn-Dynamiken im Kontext von Migration: Adoleszente Entwicklung und Bildungsverläufe am Beispiel von Söhnen aus italienischen Migrantenfamilien

Der Artikel thematisiert Vater-Sohn-Dynamiken als einen Aspekt intergenerationaler familialer Beziehungen, der sich für biografische Entwicklungen und Bildungsverläufe junger Männer aus italienischen Migrantenfamilien als besonders bedeutsam erwiesen hat. Das Projekt zeigt, dass sich die Art und Weise, wie die Väter migrationsbedingte Erfahrungen verarbeitet haben, in spezifischer Weise auf die Dynamiken der Vater-Sohn-Beziehung auswirkt. So werden bspw. Trennungserfahrungen, welche die Väter im Zuge der Migration gemacht haben, im Verlauf der adoleszenten Ablösungsprozesse ihrer Söhne wieder virulent. Die Art der Verarbeitung von migrationsbedingten Trennungen und Verlusten seitens der Väter kann für die Explorationsspielräume der adoleszenten Söhne daher sowohl begrenzende als auch ermöglichende Wirkung haben und beeinflusst auch deren Bildungskarrieren

Effect of Early High-Dose Recombinant Human Erythropoietin on Behavior and Quality of Life in Children Aged 5 Years Born Very Preterm: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE In light of the promising neuroprotective properties of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHEpo), the Swiss EPO Neuroprotection Trial was started to investigate its effect on neurodevelopment in very preterm infants. The results of the primary and secondary outcome analysis did not show any effect of RHEpo on cognitive performance, neuromotor outcomes, or somatic growth of the study participants at ages 2 or 5 years. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether early high-dose RHEpo improves behavioral outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at age 5 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a prespecified secondary analysis of the double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter Swiss EPO Neuroprotection randomized clinical trial, which was conducted at 5 level-III perinatal centers in Switzerland. Infants born between 26 weeks 0 days' and 31 weeks 6 days' gestation were recruited between 2005 and 2012 and followed-up until age 5 years (last follow-up in 2018). Data were analyzed from January 6 to December 31, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Infants were assigned to receive either RHEpo (3000 IU/kg) or placebo (saline, 0.9%) intravenously 3 times within the first 42 hours after birth. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The prespecified parent-reported measures of behavioral outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of their children at the age of 5 years were assessed by two standardized questionnaires: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (behavioral outcomes) and the KIDSCREEN-27 (HRQoL). RESULTS Among 448 randomized infants, 228 infants were assigned to the RHEpo group and 220 infants were assigned to the placebo group. Questionnaire data were available for 317 children (71%) at a mean (SD) age of 5.8 (0.4) years (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 29.3 [1.6] weeks; mean [SD] birth weight 1220 [340] grams; 128 [40%] female infants). At the age 5 years follow-up, the mean (SD) total difficulties score in the RHEpo group (8.41 [5.60] points) was similar to that of the placebo group (7.76 [4.81]) (P = .37). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in any other outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial showed no evidence for an effect of early high-dose RHEpo administration on behavioral outcomes or HRQoL in children born very preterm at early school age. TRIAL REGISTRATION - ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00413946

Minimally invasive, imaging guided virtual autopsy compared to conventional autopsy in foetal, newborn and infant cases: study protocol for the paediatric virtual autopsy trial

BACKGROUND: In light of declining autopsy rates around the world, post-mortem MR imaging is a promising alternative to conventional autopsy in the investigation of infant death. A major drawback of this non-invasive autopsy approach is the fact that histopathological and microbiological examination of the tissue is not possible. The objective of this prospective study is to compare the performance of minimally invasive, virtual autopsy, including CT-guided biopsy, with conventional autopsy procedures in a paediatric population. METHODS/DESIGN: Foetuses, newborns and infants that are referred for autopsy at three different institutions associated with the University of Zurich will be eligible for recruitment. All bodies will be examined with a commercial CT and a 3 Tesla MRI scanner, masked to the results of conventional autopsy. After cross-sectional imaging, CT-guided tissue sampling will be performed by a multifunctional robotic system (Virtobot) allowing for automated post-mortem biopsies. Virtual autopsy results will be classified with regards to the likely final diagnosis and major pathological findings and compared to the results of conventional autopsy, which remains the diagnostic gold standard. DISCUSSION: There is an urgent need for the development of alternative post-mortem examination methods, not only as a counselling tool for families and as a quality control measure for clinical diagnosis and treatment but also as an instrument to advance medical knowledge and clinical practice. This interdisciplinary study will determine whether virtual autopsy will narrow the gap in information between non-invasive and traditional autopsy procedures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01888380

Influence of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms on the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after solid-organ transplantation

Background. Polymorphisms in the interferon-λ (IFNL) 3/4 region have been associated with reduced hepatitis C virus clearance. We explored the role of such polymorphisms on the incidence of CMV infection in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods. Caucasian patients participating in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study in 2008-2011 were included. A novel functional TT/-G polymorphism (rs368234815) in the CpG region upstream of IFNL3 was investigated. Results. A total of 840 SOT recipients at risk for CMV were included, among whom 373 (44%) received antiviral prophylaxis. The 12-months cumulative incidence of CMV replication and disease were 0.44 and 0.08, respectively. Patient homozygous for the minor rs368234815 allele (-G/-G) tended to have a higher cumulative incidence of CMV replication (SHR=1.30 [95%CI 0.97-1.74], P=0.07) compared to other patients (TT/TT or TT/-G). The association was significant among patients followed by a preemptive approach (SHR=1.46 [1.01-2.12], P=0.047), especially in patients receiving an organ from a seropositive donor (D+, SHR=1.92 [95%CI 1.30-2.85], P=0.001), but not among those who received antiviral prophylaxis (SHR=1.13 [95%CI 0.70-1.83], P=0.6). These associations remained significant in multivariate competing risk regression models. Conclusions. Polymorphisms in the IFNL3/4 region influence susceptibility to CMV replication in SOT recipients, particularly in patients not receiving antiviral prophylaxi

IL1B and DEFB1 Polymorphisms Increase Susceptibility to Invasive Mold Infection After Solid-Organ Transplantation

Background. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune genes have been associated with susceptibility to invasive mold infection (IMI) among hematopoietic stem cell but not solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods. Twenty-four SNPs from systematically selected genes were genotyped among 1101 SOT recipients (715 kidney transplant recipients, 190 liver transplant recipients, 102 lung transplant recipients, 79 heart transplant recipients, and 15 recipients of other transplants) from the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study. Association between SNPs and the end point were assessed by log-rank test and Cox regression models. Cytokine production upon Aspergillus stimulation was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers and correlated with relevant genotypes. Results. Mold colonization (n = 45) and proven/probable IMI (n = 26) were associated with polymorphisms in the genes encoding interleukin 1β (IL1B; rs16944; recessive mode, P = .001 for colonization and P = .00005 for IMI, by the log-rank test), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN; rs419598; P = .01 and P = .02, respectively), and β-defensin 1 (DEFB1; rs1800972; P = .001 and P = .0002, respectively). The associations with IL1B and DEFB1 remained significant in a multivariate regression model (P = .002 for IL1B rs16944; P = .01 for DEFB1 rs1800972). The presence of 2 copies of the rare allele of rs16944 or rs419598 was associated with reduced Aspergillus-induced interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α secretion by PBMCs. Conclusions. Functional polymorphisms in IL1B and DEFB1 influence susceptibility to mold infection in SOT recipients. This observation may contribute to individual risk stratificatio