Разработка технических средств повышения эффективности солнечных установок

In this paper a method and means of increasing the power generated by solar installations during the day are considered. It is recommended to use acrylic concentrator and solar tracker with active type of tracking based on the control board without microcontrollers. This feature allows using DC commutator motor as an electric drive component, which simplifies the construction of the whole system significantly

Senescence and Inflammatory Markers for Predicting Clinical Progression in Parkinson's Disease: The ICICLE-PD Study.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline is a frequent complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the identification of predictive biomarkers for it would help in its management. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyse whether senescence markers (telomere length, p16 and p21) or their change over time could help to better predict cognitive and motor progression of newly diagnosed PD patients. We also compared these senescence markers to previously analysed markers of inflammation for the same purpose. METHODS: This study examined the association of blood-derived markers of cell senescence and inflammation with motor and cognitive function over time in an incident PD cohort (the ICICLE-PD study). Participants (154 newly diagnosed PD patients and 99 controls) underwent physical and cognitive assessments over 36 months of follow up. Mean leukocyte telomere length and the expression of senescence markers p21 and p16 were measured at two time points (baseline and 18 months). Additionally, we selected five inflammatory markers from existing baseline data. RESULTS: We found that PD patients had shorter telomeres at baseline and 18 months compared to age-matched healthy controls which also correlated to dementia at 36 months. Baseline p16 levels were associated with faster rates of motor and cognitive decline over 36 months in PD cases, while a simple inflammatory summary score at baseline best predicted cognitive score over this same time period in PD patients. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that both inflammatory and senescence markers (p16) are valuable predictors of clinical progression in PD patients.This study was supported by a Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital Trust (Brain Research Unit PD0612) grant to GS. ICICLE-PD is funded by Parkinson’s UK (grant no J-0802, G-1301) and supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease and the Biomedical Research Unit in Lewy Body Dementia based at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University (CM-R) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (146281). This work was also supported by grants from the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK, the Rosetrees Trust, and the Stevenage Biosciences Catalyst. CHWG is supported by a RCUK/UKRI Research Innovation Fellowship awarded by the Medical Research Council (MR/R007446/1). RAB is an NIHR Senior Investigator (NF-SI-0616-10011) and is supported by the WT/MRC Stem Cell Institute (203151/Z/16/Z

Strain and serovar variants of Salmonella enterica exhibit diverse tolerance to food chain-related stress

Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) continues to be a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Food manufacturers implement hurdle technology by combining more than one approach to control food safety and quality, including preservatives such as organic acids, refrigeration, and heating. We assessed the variation in survival in stresses of genotypically diverse isolates of Salmonella enterica to identify genotypes with potential elevated risk to sub-optimal processing or cooking. Sub-lethal heat treatment, survival in desiccated conditions and growth in the presence of NaCl or organic acids were investigated. S. Gallinarum strain 287/91 was most sensitive to all stress conditions. While none of the strains replicated in a food matrix at 4 °C, S. Infantis strain S1326/28 retained the greatest viability, and six strains exhibited a significantly reduced viability. A S. Kedougou strain exhibited the greatest resistance to incubation at 60 °C in a food matrix that was significantly greater than S. Typhimurium U288, S Heidelberg, S. Kentucky, S. Schwarzengrund and S. Gallinarum strains. Two isolates of monophasic S. Typhimurium, S04698–09 and B54Col9 exhibited the greatest tolerance to desiccation that was significantly more than for the S. Kentucky and S. Typhimurium U288 strains. In general, the presence of 12 mM acetic acid or 14 mM citric acid resulted in a similar pattern of decreased growth in broth, but this was not observed for S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium strains ST4/74 and U288 S01960-05. Acetic acid had a moderately greater effect on growth despite the lower concentration tested. A similar pattern of decreased growth was observed in the presence of 6% NaCl, with the notable exception that S. Typhimurium strain U288 S01960-05 exhibited enhanced growth in elevated NaCl concentrations

A linguistic analysis of lying in negative evaluations: The speech act performance of Chinese learners of Korean

이 논문은 중국인 한국어 학습자와 한국어 화자들 사이의 ‘거짓말’ 화행 양상을 언어학적으로 분석한 연구이다. 여기서 말하는 ‘거짓말’이란 요청, 사과, 거절 등과 같은 화행의 일종으로서 ‘부정적 평가’에 속하며 대화 참여자나 상황을 고려한 소위 ‘선의의 거짓말’을 가리키는 것으로 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 우리는 중국인 한국어 학습자 15명과 한국어 화자 15명을 대상으로 담화완성테스트(DCT)와 부연설명질문지(QFE)를 사용하여 피실험자들의 화행을 분석하였다. 피실험자 자신들의 설명과 한국어교육 전문가 다섯 명의 판정을 종합해 ‘거짓말’ 화행을 가려내고 통계 처리를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 결론에 도달했다. 한국어 화자들이 중국인 한국어 학습자들보다 (선의의) 거짓말을 더 많이 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 두 집단 모두 부정적 평가가 사물에 관련된 경우보다 사람에 관련된 경우에 ‘거짓말’ 화행을 더 많이 사용한다. 그러나 화자와 청자 사이의 친소관계(distance)나 상하관계(power)는 거짓말 사용에 직접적 상관 관계를 보여주지 않았다. 이 연구는 지금까지 화행 연구 중에서 상대적으로 연구가 부진했던 부정평가와 ‘거짓말’ 화행에 대한 분석을 시도했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 또한 한국어 화자와 중국인 한국어 학습자 사이에 보이는 화행 수행의 차이를 문화인식(cultural awareness)의 관점에서 해석해 볼 수 있는 가능성도 열어 주었다

Теоретичні засади формування системи соціоекологоекономічної безпеки підприємств

У монографії відображені теоретичні основи дослідження соціоекологоекономічної безпеки підприємств. Розроблено концептуальні засади соціоекологоекономічної безпеки підприємств. Визначено сутнісні характеристики соціальної, економічної та екологічної безпеки підприємств та комплексного поняття соціоекологоекономічної безпеки. Висвітлено підходи до формування компонентної структури соціальної, економічної та екологічної безпеки та соціоекологоекономічної безпеки підприємств, а також дана детальна характеристика основних їх елементів.Дослідження розраховане на науковців, керівників та фахівців підприємств, установ, організацій, представників державних органів управління, викладачів, студентів, а також кола читачів, які цікавляться проблемами забезпечення соціоекологоекономічної безпеки підприємст

Recasting the cancer stem cell hypothesis: Unification using a continuum model of microenvironmental forces

Purpose of review Here, we identify shortcomings of standard compartment-based mathematical models of cancer stem-cells, and propose a continuous formalism which includes the tumor microenvironment. Recent findings Stem-cell models of tumor growth have provided explanations for various phenomena in oncology including, metastasis, drug- and radio-resistance, and functional heterogeneity in the face of genetic homogeneity. While some of the newer models allow for plasticity, or de-differentiation, there is no consensus on the mechanisms driving this. Recent experimental evidence suggests that tumor microenvironment factors like hypoxia, acidosis, and nutrient deprivation have causative roles. Summary To settle the dissonance between the mounting experimental evidence surrounding the effects of the microenvironment on tumor stemness, we propose a continuous mathematical model where we model microenvironmental perturbations like forces, which then shape the distribution of stemness within the tumor. We propose methods by which to systematically measure and characterize these forces, and show results of a simple experiment which support our claims