292 research outputs found

    Adaptive immune responses in atherosclerosis - or how to prolong the use of your yellow socks

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    Abstract Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, but an unbalanced immune system plays a critical role in the disease development. A common theory states that a continuous stress to the vascular vessel wall initiates a repair process that however is insufficient to completely heal the tissue. This imbalance is associated with accumulation of cholesterol, which is an essential component of cellular membranes, and inflammatory cells at the injury site. Since cholesterol particles are not normally accumulating extra-cellularly, they are affected by the inflammatory environment, which modifies the particle structure. Since this can be potentially dangerous an inflammatory response is initiated in order to remove the modified particles. However, the continuous stress leads to an imbalanced immune response, which aggravate the inflammation and leads to a larger wound. In this thesis I present two methods on how to balance the immune response in order to stabilize the wound and thereby reduce the risk of rupture. I also elucidate the role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the development of atherosclerotic lesions and test the association between CD8+ T lymphocytes in blood and cardiovascular disease

    AMINOALCOHOLS BY THE HYDROBORATION OF UNSATURATED AMINES

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    Enhanced Motion Control Concepts on Parallel Robots

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    Non-linear state estimation for integrating adaptronic joints in parallel robots

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    In dieser Arbeit wird die nichtlineare Zustandsschätzung bei mechatronischen Systemen am Beispiel von Parallelrobotern beschrieben. Das Hauptziel ist, die Reibkräfte und -momente in den Gelenken des Roboters zu detektieren und diese für regelungstechnische Zwecke zur Verfügung zu stellen. Das entwickelte Verfahren zur Beobachtung erlaubt die Bestimmung veränderlicher Reibmomente in den Gelenken unter Einbeziehung des vollständigen Robotermodells. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf der Nutzbarkeit der Informationen zur Steuerung adaptronischer Gelenke, so dass sich das hier entwickelte Verfahren von adaptiven Ansätzen abhebt. Die Herleitung der Methoden nutzt die besondere Struktur der Modelle mechatronischer Systeme aus. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der genauen Untersuchung der Beobachtbarkeit der gesuchten Reibmomente des Systems und die sich daraus ergebenden Bedingungen beim Entwurf. Das vorgestellte Verfahren basiert auf der Transformation des Systems und nutzt die Methoden der Differentialgeometrie zur Analyse nichtlinearer Systeme aus. Der hier entwickelte Ansatz unterscheidet sich von denen der klassischen Form zur Beobachterentwicklung und bietet systemunabhängig eine globale Konvergenz in den geschätzten Größen. Die erzielte Fehlerdynamik ist dabei linear. Die Schließung des Regelkreises über die geschätzten Zustände wird untersucht, um die zur Stabilität notwendigen Bedingungen an die Entwurfsparameter zu definieren. Die theoretischen Ergebnisse sind in Simulation und am Versuchsträger verifiziert. Dazu wurde die Schätzung der Parameter an einem Parallelroboter mit zwei Freiheitsgraden durchgeführt. Das Verfahren wurde nachträglich in die bestehende Steuerungsstruktur integriert und zur Schätzung der Parameter verwendet. Dazu wurden die bereits vorhandenen Messwerte benutzt, zusätzliche Sensoren wurden nicht in das System eingebracht.This thesis presents a method for non-linear state estimation in parallel kinematic machines. These machines serve as an example for a more general class of mechatronical systems that are described by similar equations. The main objective of this work is to detect the varying torques and forces that are induced by friction within joints. This state information is supposed to be fed back into the control system in order to maintain the performance of the controller. Furthermore, the information gained by the observer has to be utilizable as input for the control of adaptronic joints. The potential use of the state information as the control variable in closed control loops is the major difference to adaptive concepts. The derivation of the observer exploits the special structure of the dynamic equations of mechatronic systems. Methods from differential geometry are applicable to the differential equations and allow the transformation to more convenient descriptions of the nonlinear system. The observability of the system is analyzed in detail. Consequently, conditions for non-linear observer design are derived. The concept presented here differs from the classical non-linear observer and allows the estimation of friction without further restrictions to the systems parameters, while achieving global convergence. The error dynamics are described by linear differential equations. Stability of closed loop control using the estimated states is analyzed and necessary conditions are derived. Afterwards, the theoretical results are verified in simulation and on a real system. The observer was implemented and integrated in an existing control setup of a two dimensional parallel robot. Without installing additional sensors the derived observer provides the targeted states

    Synthesis of non-linear protein dimers through a genetically encoded thiol-ene reaction

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    Site-specific incorporation of bioorthogonal unnatural amino acids into proteins provides a useful tool for the installation of specific functionalities that will allow for the labeling of proteins with virtually any probe. We demonstrate the genetic encoding of a set of alkene lysines using the orthogonal PylRS/PylTCUA pair in Escherichia coli. The installed double bond functionality was then applied in a photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction of the protein with a fluorescent thiol-bearing probe, as well as a cysteine residue of a second protein, showing the applicability of this approach in the formation of heterogeneous non-linear fused proteins. © 2014 Torres-Kolbus et al

    Fünfundzwanzig Jahre musikpädagogische Forschungsgemeinschaft: Rückblicke und Perspektiven

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    "25 Jahre musikpädagogische Forschungsgemeinschaft" waren Anlaß zur Rückbesinnung und zum Blick in die Zukunft musikpädagogischer Forschung. (DIPF/Orig.
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