NOMiNOR: Natural Organic Matter in drinking waters within the Nordic Region

NOMiNOR: Natural Organic Matter in drinking waters within the Nordic RegionpublishedVersio

Demonstration of a novel instrument for online monitoring of absorber emissions to air

A novel concept for online monitoring of nitrosamines, solvent amines and their degradation products in amine absorber emissions to air was demonstrated at the Tiller CO2-lab pilot facility. The monitoring concept is based on SINTEF patent No. PCT/EP2011/073557. The measurement method applies gas sampling by capture of analytes in a condensate stream from a single stage condensate collector unit. An improved design for the SINTEF prototype for online gas and liquid measurements has been established as part of the CCUS-ALIGN project. The new design has low complexity and improved robustness, making it applicable as integrated part of industrial monitoring systems. The established prototype was successfully tested for monitoring of trace gas emission from a CO2 capture pilot plant, demonstrating measurements of nitrosamines at levels far below the lower detection limits of commercial industrial online analyzers. Results from testing of a condensate collector prototype indicate high capture efficiency for analytes of interest, including analytes present in aerosols during operation conditions where the absorber emit mist to the atmosphere. The measurement concept has potential for significantly reducing the costs related to manual gas measurements for critical trace gas components in plant operation. Application of the concept can enable continuous measurements of nitrosamines and other critical trace gas analytes in the emissions to air not currently available in absorption-based CO2 capture processes.publishedVersio

Biotransformation in water and soil of nitrosamines and nitramines potentially generated from amine-based CO2 capture technology

Nitrosamines (NSAs) and nitramines (NAs) are identified as possible degradation products from amine-based post-combustion CO2-capture (PCCC). Selected NSAs and NAs were subjected to aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation studies. In a screening study with 20 μg/L NSAs and NAs at 20 °C, only NSAs and NAs containing hydroxyl groups (alkanol compounds) exhibited aerobic biotransformation >10% after incubation in 28 days. Extending the biodegradation period to 56 days resulted in ≥80% biotransformation of the examined alkanol NSAs and NAs at 20 °C. Biotransformation (20 °C; 56 days) of the NSA NDELA at different concentrations (1–100 μg/L) did not differ significantly, but both water sources and temperatures affected biotransformation of the tested compounds. Anaerobic biotransformation (20 °C; 56 days) occurred rapidly  with alkanol NSAs and NAs, but not with alkyl compounds. Interestingly, 1st order rate coefficients and half-lives indicated comparable or even faster anaerobic than aerobic biotransformation at the same temperature. Predictions of biotransformation pathways suggested that the -OH substituent of alkanol NSAs and NAs was more susceptible to degradation than nitroso- and nitro-substituents.Biotransformation in water and soil of nitrosamines and nitramines potentially generated from amine-based CO2 capture technologyacceptedVersio

Preliminary Studies into the Environmental Fate of Nitrosamine and Nitramine Compounds in Aquatic Systems

AbstractPreliminary hydrolysis and photolysis data are presented for a suite of nitramines and nitrosamines relevant to post combustion CO2 capture using monoethanolamine solvent. Two nitramines (DMNA and MEA-NO2) and the nitrosamine NDELA were resistant to hydrolytic degradation at pH 4, 7 and 9. The nitrosamine NPz was hydrolytically stable at pH 4 and 9, but exhibited ∼30% degradation at pH 7. Nitrosamines appear highly susceptible to photolytic degradation, while nitramines are photolytically stable. The data form part of an ongoing study investigating the fate of nitrosamines and nitramines in terrestrial and aquatic environments

Day-to-day variations during clinical drug monitoring of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide serum concentrations in cancer patients. A prospective observational study

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of drug monitoring of serum concentrations of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) during chronic morphine therapy is not established. One important factor relevant to drug monitoring is to what extent morphine, M6G and M3G serum concentrations fluctuate during stable morphine treatment. METHODS: We included twenty-nine patients admitted to a palliative care unit receiving oral morphine (n = 19) or continuous subcutaneous (sc) morphine infusions (n = 10). Serum concentrations of morphine, M6G and M3G were obtained at the same time on four consecutive days. If readmitted, the patients were followed for another trial period. Day-to-day variations in serum concentrations and ratios were determined by estimating the percent coefficient of variation (CV = (mean/SD) ×100). RESULTS: The patients' median morphine doses were 90 (range; 20–1460) mg/24 h and 135 (range; 30–440) mg/24 h during oral and sc administration, respectively. Intraindividual fluctuations of serum concentrations estimated by median coefficients of day-to-day variation were in the oral group for morphine 46%, for M6G 25% and for M3G 18%. The median coefficients of variation were lower in patients receiving continuous sc morphine infusions (morphine 10%, M6G 13%, M3G 9%). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that serum concentrations of morphine and morphine metabolites fluctuate. The fluctuations found in our study are not explained by changes in morphine doses, administration of other drugs or by time for collection of blood samples. As expected the day-to-day variation was lower in patients receiving continuous sc morphine infusions compared with patients receiving oral morphine

Exploration of degradation chemistry by Advanced analytical methodology

publishedVersio

Exploration of degradation chemistry by Advanced analytical methodology

publishedVersio

Demonstration of a novel instrument for online monitoring of absorber emissions to air

A novel concept for online monitoring of nitrosamines, solvent amines and their degradation products in amine absorber emissions to air was demonstrated at the Tiller CO2-lab pilot facility. The monitoring concept is based on SINTEF patent No. PCT/EP2011/073557. The measurement method applies gas sampling by capture of analytes in a condensate stream from a single stage condensate collector unit. An improved design for the SINTEF prototype for online gas and liquid measurements has been established as part of the CCUS-ALIGN project. The new design has low complexity and improved robustness, making it applicable as integrated part of industrial monitoring systems. The established prototype was successfully tested for monitoring of trace gas emission from a CO2 capture pilot plant, demonstrating measurements of nitrosamines at levels far below the lower detection limits of commercial industrial online analyzers. Results from testing of a condensate collector prototype indicate high capture efficiency for analytes of interest, including analytes present in aerosols during operation conditions where the absorber emit mist to the atmosphere. The measurement concept has potential for significantly reducing the costs related to manual gas measurements for critical trace gas components in plant operation. Application of the concept can enable continuous measurements of nitrosamines and other critical trace gas analytes in the emissions to air not currently available in absorption-based CO2 capture processes