Quelle alternative philosophique et éducative au consumérisme contemporain ?

Le marché est un paradigme central de l’intelligence économique contemporaine. Adopté par la plupart des États modernes, il a su opérer dans l’homme actuel une mutation spirituelle faisant de lui un fanatique de la consommation. La mécanique productiviste et consumériste ne traduit-elle pas une vision simplement matérialiste du vivre ? Ne contribue-t-elle pas à pervertir la liberté humaine ? N’est-elle pas un facteur de déséquilibre social et écologique ; un vecteur de corruption de l’éthique existentielle ? Les conceptions d’Emmanuel Levinas (1972) et de Luc Ferry (1996) de la transcendance incarnent des vertus pédagogiques dignes de révolutionner les mentalités actuelles vouées au culte du matérialisme. Organisée à partir d’une exploitation documentaire, la réflexion sera une analyse critique du consumérisme, avant d’être un plaidoyer en faveur de l’idée de transcendance telle que promue par Levinas et Ferry. Enfin, elle mettra en évidence la contribution du fait éducatif pour une reforme des mentalités.The market is a central paradigm of contemporary economic intelligence. Adopted by the majority of the modern States, he has a spiritual shift in current humans making him a fanatic of consumption. The productivist and consumerist mechanics does not simply materialistic vision of the living? Does it not contribute to subvert human freedom? Isn't a factor of social and ecological imbalance; a vector of corruption of existential ethics? The designs of Emmanuel Levinas (1972) and Luc Ferry (1996) transcendence embody pedagogical virtues worthy to revolutionize current attitudes to the cult of materialism. Organized from a documentary operation, the reflection will be a critical analysis of consumerism, before being a plea in favour of the idea of transcendence such as promoted by Levinas and Ferry. Finally, it will highlight the contribution of the educational fact for one reform mindsets

Quelle alternative philosophique et éducative au consumérisme contemporain ?

The market is a central paradigm of contemporary economic intelligence. Adopted by the majority of the modern States, he has a spiritual shift in current humans making him a fanatic of consumption. The productivist and consumerist mechanics does not simply materialistic vision of the living? Does it not contribute to subvert human freedom? Isn't a factor of social and ecological imbalance; a vector of corruption of existential ethics? The designs of Emmanuel Levinas (1972) and Luc Ferry (1996) transcendence embody pedagogical virtues worthy to revolutionize current attitudes to the cult of materialism. Organized from a documentary operation, the reflection will be a critical analysis of consumerism, before being a plea in favour of the idea of transcendence such as promoted by Levinas and Ferry. Finally, it will highlight the contribution of the educational fact for one reform mindsets

Localization of sunitinib, its metabolites and its target receptors in tumour bearing mice: a MALDI mass spectrometry imaging study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical impact of antiangiogenic agents remains controversial. Therefore, elucidating the pharmacological properties of these compounds is a pivotal issue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In our study, malignant and normal tissues of sunitinib-treated tumour-bearing mice were analysed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). The expressions of sunitinib's key target angiogenic receptors were studied by immunofluorescent labelling. KEY RESULTS: Sunitinib and its fragment ions were ubiquitously detected by MALDI-MS in malignant and normal tissues. Major metabolites were identified in blood and solid tissues, while minor drug metabolites were traceable only in blood. Tumour growth and intratumoural VEGFR-2 expressions were significantly reduced in sunitinib-treated mice, while the expression of the other targeted receptors (VEGFR-2, PDGFR- alpha/-beta or FGFR-1) remained unaffected. Within tumour tissue, the near proximity of sunitinib metabolites with the precursor ion suggested the in situ processing of the drug. There were intratumoural areas where the signal intensity of sunitinib correlated with VEGFR-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This is the first study that demonstrates MALDI-MSI as a versatile platform to study the intratumoural localization of an unlabeled antiangiogenic drug. The combination of MALDI-MSI and immunofluorescence analysis can provide further insights into the molecular interaction of drug compounds and their targets within tumour tissue