Evaluation of total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress levels in humor aqueous of diabetic cataract patients

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and various studies have demonstrated the role of increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia in its pathophysiology. There are few studies in the literature examining total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in humor aqueous, and we were unable to find any, which measured oxidative stress index (OSI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether TAC, TOS, and OSI in the aqueous humor changed according to DRP stage. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included a total of 86 cataract patients: 31 healthy patients with senile cataract (Group 1), 19 diabetic patients without DRP (Group 2), 17 patients with nonproliferative DRP (Group 3), and 19 patients with proliferative DRP (Group 4). Aqueous humor samples were obtained prior to cataract surgery. TAC, TOS, and OSI levels were measured spectrophotometrically and compared between the groups. Results: The analysis of TAC levels revealed that TAC levels were significantly higher in the control group (Group 1) compared to DRP patients (Group 3 and 4, p=0.042 and p=0.02, respectively), while TOS and OSI levels were lower in Group 1 compared to all diabetic groups (Group 2, 3, and 4) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of increased TOS and OSI and decreased TAC levels in diabetic patients support the belief that oxidative stress might be an important etiologic factor in DRP. Increased oxidative stress may be a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and management of DRP. © 2020 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved

Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements using optical low-coherence reflectometry, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, and Scheimpflug camera

Purpose: To compare the results of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained using optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), and a Scheimpflug camera (SC), combined with Placido corneal topography. Methods: A total of 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the present study, and one eye of each subject was included. A detailed ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases following CCT measurements with OLCR, FD-OCT, and SC. The results were compared using an ANOVA test. Bland-Altman analysis was used to demonstrate agreement between methods. Intra-examiner repeatability was assessed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the results of the CCT measurements obtained using the three different devices (p=0.009). Significant correlations were found between OLCR and FD-OCT (r=0.97; p<0.0001), FD-OCT and SC (r=0.91; p<0.0001), and OLCR and SC (r=0.95; p<0.0001). The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) obtained from Bland-Altman plots were from -7.2 μm to 28.7 μm for OLCR versus FD-OCT, from -19.2 μm to 30.4 μm for OLCR versus SC, and from -42.6 to 32.3 μm for FD-OCT versus SC. Intra-examiner repeatability was excellent for each method, with ICCs >0.98. Conclusion: Although the results of CCT measurements obtained from these three devices were highly correlated with one another and the mean differences between instruments were comparable with the reported diurnal CCT fluctuation, the measurements are not directly interchangeable in clinical practice because of the wide LOA values

Cluster headache with ptosis responsive to intranasal lidocaine application: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The application of lidocaine to the nasal mucosal area corresponding to the sphenopalatine fossa has been shown to be effective at extinguishing pain attacks in patients with a cluster headache. In this report, the effectiveness of local administration of lidocaine on cluster headache attacks as a symptomatic treatment of this disorder is discussed.</p> <p>Cases presentation</p> <p>A 22-year-old Turkish man presented with a five-year history of severe, repeated, unilateral periorbital pain and headache, diagnosed as a typical cluster headache. He suffered from rhinorrhea, lacrimation and ptosis during headaches. He had tried several unsuccessful daily medications. We applied a cotton tip with lidocaine hydrochloride into his left nostril for 10 minutes. The ptosis responded to the treatment and the intensity of his headache decreased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Intranasal lidocaine is a useful treatment for the acute management of a cluster headache. Intranasal lidocaine blocks the neural transmission of the sphenopalatine ganglion, which contributes to the trigeminal nerve as well as containing both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.</p

Symptomatic pneumorrhachis

PMID = 2342703