Effects of graded levels of crude glycerine addition to diets on growth performance, carcass traits and economic efficiency in broiler chickens

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of graded levels of crude glycerine addition to diets on growth and economic performance, carcass yield, organ weights and moisture levels of meat in broiler chickens. For this purpose, a total of 270 one day old male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 3 equal groups which fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with graded levels (0%, 5% and 10%, respectively) of crude glycerine. Each of experiment group was constituted by 5 subgroups with 18 birds each. The birds had ad libitum access to feed and water until termination of the experiment at d 42. Results indicated that 5% dietary crude glycerine addition improved body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compare with birds fed with basal diet at d 42 (P<0.01). Similarly, dietary 10% crude glycerine supplementation also increased growth performance and improved FCR in broiler chickens at 28th and 42nd days of experiment (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, birds fed with 5% dietary crude glycerine had showed over 20% higher relative economic efficiency compare than birds fed basal diet. As a conclusion, dietary crude glycerine addition improved growth and economic performance and Feed Conversion Ratio of broilers in both supplementation levels

Antimicrobial de-escalation in the critically ill patient and assessment of clinical cure: the DIANA study

Purpose: The DIANA study aimed to evaluate how often antimicrobial de-escalation (ADE) of empirical treatment is performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to estimate the effect of ADE on clinical cure on day 7 following treatment initiation. Methods: Adult ICU patients receiving empirical antimicrobial therapy for bacterial infection were studied in a prospective observational study from October 2016 until May 2018. ADE was defined as (1) discontinuation of an antimicrobial in case of empirical combination therapy or (2) replacement of an antimicrobial with the intention to narrow the antimicrobial spectrum, within the first 3&nbsp;days of therapy. Inverse probability (IP) weighting was used to account for time-varying confounding when estimating the effect of ADE on clinical cure. Results: Overall, 1495 patients from 152 ICUs in 28 countries were studied. Combination therapy was prescribed in 50%, and carbapenems were prescribed in 26% of patients. Empirical therapy underwent ADE, no change and change other than ADE within the first 3&nbsp;days in 16%, 63% and 22%, respectively. Unadjusted mortality at day 28 was 15.8% in the ADE cohort and 19.4% in patients with no change [p = 0.27; RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.60\u20131.14)]. The IP-weighted relative risk estimate for clinical cure comparing ADE with no-ADE patients (no change or change other than ADE) was 1.37 (95% CI 1.14\u20131.64). Conclusion: ADE was infrequently applied in critically ill-infected patients. The observational effect estimate on clinical cure suggested no deleterious impact of ADE compared to no-ADE. However, residual confounding is likely

Application Of The Shifted Frequency Internal Equivalence To Two Dimensional Lossy Objects

Performance of a new method, Shifted Frequency Internal Equivalence (SFIE) is studied in the analysis of scattering from two dimensional lossy objects. This method finds the solution of a wideband scattering problem faster than classical approaches. By introducing conductivity, loss shows itself as imaginary electrical permittivity. Changing conductivity changes the distribution of electromagnetic waves and modifies Radar Cross Section (RCS) plots. In this study homogeneous and inhomogeneous conductive media are investigated to widen the usage of SFIE method. By increasing conductivity skin effect phenomenon is observed, electrical dimensions are decreased and RCS plots are flattened as expected. Numerical results obtained by SFIE are compared to the ones obtained by Method of Moments and the differences are shown.Wo

Wideband Analysis Of Planar Scalable Antennas And Pec Bodies Using Cbfm

In this paper, scattering and radiation from scalable planar bodies are investigated in a wide frequency band. Characteristic basis functions (CBFs) are utilized for this purpose with a different approach. The CBFs for the body are calculated at the highest frequency of interest and reused at other frequencies. As the frequency decreases, the unnecessary CBFs are removed from the basis set. The reduced impedance matrices generated at lower frequencies are also used for the calculation of the ones at higher frequencies. As a result, a significant reduction in CPU time is obtained with the proposed method. Numerical results for the problems of scattering from a square plate and radiation from a bowtie antenna are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.WoSScopu

Distinguishability for magnetic resonance-electrical impedance tomography (MR-EIT)

A distinguishability measure is defined for magnetic resonance-electrical impedance tomography (MR-EIT) based on magnetic flux density measurements. This general definition is valid for 2D and 3D structures of any shape. As a specific case, a 2D cylindrical body with concentric inhomogeneity is considered and a bound of the distinguishability is analytically formulated. Distinguishabilities obtained with potential and magnetic flux density measurements are compared

Incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate the current incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the need for treatment in preterm infants in Turkey. Methods: The study included preterm infants who had been screened for ROP between 2011 and 2013 in 49 neonatal intensive care units. Infants with birth weight (BW) ≤1500 g or ≤32 weeks' gestational age and those with BW >1500 g or >32 weeks' GA with an unstable clinical course were included. The incidence of any ROP or severe ROP and treatment modalities were determined. Results: The study population included 15 745 preterm infants: 11 803 (75%) with GA ≤32 weeks, and 3942 (25%) with GA >32 weeks. Overall, 30% were found to have any stage of ROP, and 5% had severe ROP. Severe ROP was diagnosed in 8.2% of infants with BW ≤1500 g and 0.6% of infants with BW >1500 g. Of all infants diagnosed with ROP, 16.5% needed laser photocoagulation, and 20 patients born at >32 weeks' GA required this treatment modality. Vitroretinal surgery was performed in 28 infants with severe ROP: 23 with GA ≤28 weeks and 5 with GA 29-32 weeks. Conclusions: The findings of our study have the important implication that more mature babies are at risk of severe ROP requiring treatment. An effective programme for detecting and treating ROP should be established in Turkey