Food and feed safety aspects of cisgenic crop plant varieties

This report presents the results of the discussions that identified food and feed safety aspects of cisgenic plant varieties in comparison to conventional varieties on the one hand and transgenic plant varieties on the other hand. It was concluded that on the basis of the general characteristics of cisgenic plant varieties, there is, from a food and feed safety perspective, no scientific basis for a general reduction of requirements for cisgenic crop plant varieties

Scale-free memory model for multiagent reinforcement learning. Mean field approximation and rock-paper-scissors dynamics

A continuous time model for multiagent systems governed by reinforcement learning with scale-free memory is developed. The agents are assumed to act independently of one another in optimizing their choice of possible actions via trial-and-error search. To gain awareness about the action value the agents accumulate in their memory the rewards obtained from taking a specific action at each moment of time. The contribution of the rewards in the past to the agent current perception of action value is described by an integral operator with a power-law kernel. Finally a fractional differential equation governing the system dynamics is obtained. The agents are considered to interact with one another implicitly via the reward of one agent depending on the choice of the other agents. The pairwise interaction model is adopted to describe this effect. As a specific example of systems with non-transitive interactions, a two agent and three agent systems of the rock-paper-scissors type are analyzed in detail, including the stability analysis and numerical simulation. Scale-free memory is demonstrated to cause complex dynamics of the systems at hand. In particular, it is shown that there can be simultaneously two modes of the system instability undergoing subcritical and supercritical bifurcation, with the latter one exhibiting anomalous oscillations with the amplitude and period growing with time. Besides, the instability onset via this supercritical mode may be regarded as "altruism self-organization". For the three agent system the instability dynamics is found to be rather irregular and can be composed of alternate fragments of oscillations different in their properties.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figur

Стратегічне планування як основний інструмент ефективності підприємства

Наук. кер.: А.Ю. Жулавськи

Betrouwbare effectmeting zonder controlegroep

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Safety Assessment of GMO-derived Foods

In some respects genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can no longer be considered a novelty in plant breeding. In some countries the larger part of the production of specific crops is in fact GMO production. Examples are the production of soya bean and maize in the USA. In general, these crops have incorporated genes that code for resistance to either herbicide or insects, or both. There are, however, other interesting developments, both with relation to the techniques used to create GMOs as well as to the introduced traits. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the broad area of biotechnology. Furthermore, regulatory aspects are discussed in a global perspective, with a focus on the situation in the European Union. In general, the basic approach to the food and feed safety assessment of GMOs is the same in different parts of the world; there may, however, be differences in the detailed procedures as applied in different countries. The general aspects of the safety assessment strategies are described and explained. Also, an overview is provided on research developments in the area of the food and feed safety assessment strategies, especially on the application of the so-called ‘omics’-technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) as a non-targeted approach in the comparative safety assessment of GMOs. It is concluded that it may in the future be necessary to adapt current national and international guidelines for the food and feed safety assessment of GMOs to accommodate the products of these novel developments having the potential to produce much more profound changes in the metabolism of crop plants than in today’s GMOs