137 research outputs found
Low-level gas multicounter for C-14 dating of small samples: Electronic, numerical and shielding optimisation
Up to 14 methane samples can be dated simultaneously in our compact gas multicounter. Sample detectors are 10 ml (NTP) in volume each. They are made of copper and linked to form two 7 detector rigid assemblies which are filled in situ. Monitoring of the counting conditions is enabled through multichannel analysis of the cosmic pulse height spectrum, which shows the changes in gas amplification due to impurities or leakage. HV is set (and adjusted) automatically using the cosmic peak. All individual events are stored on disc, including pulse height (PH), risetime (RT) (both 256 Ch), time of arrival (TA), detector identification, anticoincidence status and elapsed and live time. Software programs analyse and validate data. Numerical discrimination and manipulations of counting parameters can be performed without destroying the original data set. Statistical quality control is based on chi-square and Poisson distribution of count rates around their mean in user defined energy regions as weil as time of arrival of pulses mode. TA analysis offers the user an early means for recognizing some types of system malfunction that otherwise might remain undetected for Jong periods of time. RT analysis is used to discriminate sample beta pulses from environmental radiation pulses, resulting in a low background with compact and relat ively inexpensive shielding. The automatic high voltage setting, PH, RT and TA electronics as weil as the liquid scintillation anticoincidence systems are applicable to all existing gas counting systems.
Delivery of the gas multicounter to the Australian National University is to take place at the end of the year 1984
Low-level liquid scintillation spectrometer for Ă-counting
A new liquid scintillation (LS) spectrometer has been developed. lt improves the signal to noise ratio of C-14 assays by an order of magnitude compared to conventional LS systems. As a result, precision for a modern sample is 0.2 % and the dating limit is 64 Ky BP for a 15 ml sample of benzene. Sophisticated MCA facilities allow the use of Multiparameter Multichannel Analysis for data validation and age evaluation. Despite the high sophistication, the spectrometer, (named QUANTULUS) is seif contained, microprocessor controlled and user friendly. lt can be used with full advantage in a normal laboratory environment
Monitoring and assessment of forest damage in regional and national scale.
Contribution to the International Co-operative Programme on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects in Forest
Effect of childhood developmental coordination disorder on adulthood physical activity; Arvo Ylppo longitudinal study
Individuals at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have low levels of physical activity in childhood due to impaired motor competence; however, physical activity levels in adulthood have not been established. This study sought to determine the impact of DCD risk on physical activity levels in adults using accelerometry measurement. Participants (n = 656) from the Arvo Ylppo Longitudinal Study cohort had their motor competence assessed at the age of five years, and their physical activity quantified via device assessment at the age of 25 years. Between group differences were assessed to differentiate physical activity measures for individuals based on DCD risk status, with general linear modeling performed to control for the effects of sex, body mass index (BMI), and maternal education. Participants at risk of DCD were found to have a lower total number of steps (d = 0.3, p = 0.022) than those not at risk. Statistical modeling indicated that DCD risk status increased time spent in sedentary light activity (beta = 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.3, p = 0.026) and decreased time spent in vigorous physical activity via interaction with BMI (beta = 0.04, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.1, p = 0.025). Sensitivity analysis found that visuomotor impairment did not significantly impact physical activity but did increase the role of DCD risk status in some models. This 20-year-longitudinal study indicated that DCD risk status continues to negatively impact on levels of physical activity into early adulthood.Peer reviewe
Effect of childhood developmental coordination disorder on adulthood physical activity; Arvo Ylppö longitudinal study
Individuals at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have low levels of physical activity in childhood due to impaired motor competence; however, physical activity levels in adulthood have not been established. This study sought to determine the impact of DCD risk on physical activity levels in adults using accelerometry measurement. Participants (n = 656) from the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study cohort had their motor competence assessed at the age of five years, and their physical activity quantified via device assessment at the age of 25 years. Between group differences were assessed to differentiate physical activity measures for individuals based on DCD risk status, with general linear modeling performed to control for the effects of sex, body mass index (BMI), and maternal education. Participants at risk of DCD were found to have a lower total number of steps (d = 0.3, p = 0.022) than those not at risk. Statistical modeling indicated that DCD risk status increased time spent in sedentary light activity (ÎČ = 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.3, p = 0.026) and decreased time spent in vigorous physical activity via interaction with BMI (ÎČ = 0.04, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.1, p = 0.025). Sensitivity analysis found that visuomotor impairment did not significantly impact physical activity but did increase the role of DCD risk status in some models. This 20-year-longitudinal study indicated that DCD risk status continues to negatively impact on levels of physical activity into early adulthood
Varg i Skandinavien och Finland
Vargstammen i Sverige och Norge utgör en gemensam skandinavisk population med utbredning över riksgrĂ€nsen. Ă
rliga inventeringar genomförs över hela den skandinaviska halvön vintertid i respektive land och sĂ„ Ă€ven i Finland. Inventeringen i de tre lĂ€nderna genomförs i huvudsak genom snöspĂ„rning och DNA-analyser under vintern 1 oktober â 28 februari. AllmĂ€nheten bidrar genom att rapportera in observationer. Information frĂ„n radiotelemetri, annan forskningsdata (SKANDULV) och döda vargar anvĂ€nds nĂ€r sĂ„dan information finns tillgĂ€nglig.Antal vargar: Det skandinaviska (svenska och norska) vargbestĂ„ndet har grovt uppskattats till totalt 400 djur (95% CI: 316-520) för vintern 2013-2014. Ca 320 vargar fanns enbart i Sverige medan den grĂ€nsöverskridande delen av stammen som Ă€r gemensam för de bĂ„da lĂ€nderna utgör ca 50 djur. Ca 30 vargar fanns enbart i Norge.Familjegrupper: Totalt dokumenterades 43 familjegrupper av varg i Skandinavien vintern 2013-2014. Valpkullar dokumenterades i 38 av dessa familjegrupper. Tre familjegrupper var helnorska, alla med Ă„rsvalpar, fem var riksgrĂ€nsöverskridande, alla med Ă„rsvalpar, medan de resterande 35, varav 30 med Ă„rsvalpar, Ă„terfanns enbart i Sverige. I Finland registrerades 22 familjegrupper samma vinter, Ă„tta av dessa var belĂ€gna pĂ„ grĂ€nsen mellan Finland och Ryssland, medan 14 var helfinska.Antal valpkullar: Totalt dokumenterades 40 valpkullar födda vĂ„ren 2013, inklusive 2 kullar i helsvenska revir dĂ€r det inte var möjligt att pĂ„visa nĂ„gon familjegrupp under vintern.Revirmarkerande par: Totalt dokumenterades 23-24 revirmarkerande par i Skandinavien under vintern, 19 i enbart Sverige, 2-3 enbart i Norge och 2 belĂ€gna över riksgrĂ€nsen.Populationsutveckling: Den skandinaviska vargstammen fortsĂ€tter att vĂ€xa. Populationen visar inga statistiskt signifikanta förĂ€ndringar i tillvĂ€xttakt de senaste 16 Ă„ren (1998/99-2013/14), med en Ă„rlig genomsnittlig tillvĂ€xt pĂ„ 15 %. Under denna period har stammen ökat frĂ„n totalt 10 till 66-67 familjegrupper och par, medan antal födda valpkullar har ökat frĂ„n 6 till 40 under samma period.Immigranter och deras avkomma: Fyra sedan tidigare kĂ€nda immigranter frĂ„n den finsk-ryska vargstammen fanns fortsatt kvar i den skandinaviska stammen under vintern. Avkommor till tidigare invandrade vargar var förĂ€ldrar till 9 av de 40 dokumenterade valpkullarna som föddes 2013.Genetisk utveckling: Den genomsnittliga inavelsgraden för valpkullar var 0,25, nĂ€ra oförĂ€ndrad jĂ€mfört med Ă„ret innan (2012) dĂ„ motsvarande siffra var 0,24 vilket Ă€r den lĂ€gsta siffran sedan 1998.Döda vargar: 58 döda vargar dokumenterades i Skandinavien 1 maj 2013 - 30 april 2014, varav 44 i Sverige och 14 i Norge. Döda vargar under vintern Ă€r inkluderade i populationsuppskattningen
Varg i Skandinavien och Finland
Vargstammen i Sverige och Norge utgör en gemensam skandinavisk population med utbredning över riksgrĂ€nsen. Ă
rliga inventeringar genomförs över hela den skandinaviska halvön vintertid i respektive land och sĂ„ Ă€ven i Finland. Inventeringen i de tre lĂ€nderna genomförs i huvudsak genom snöspĂ„rning och DNA-analyser under vintern 1 oktober â 28 februari. AllmĂ€nheten bidrar genom att rapportera in observationer. Information frĂ„n radiotelemetri, annan forskningsdata (SKANDULV) och döda vargar anvĂ€nds nĂ€r sĂ„dan information finns tillgĂ€nglig.Antal vargar: Det skandinaviska (svenska och norska) vargbestĂ„ndet har grovt uppskattats till totalt 400 djur (95% CI: 316-520) för vintern 2013-2014. Ca 320 vargar fanns enbart i Sverige medan den grĂ€nsöverskridande delen av stammen som Ă€r gemensam för de bĂ„da lĂ€nderna utgör ca 50 djur. Ca 30 vargar fanns enbart i Norge.Familjegrupper: Totalt dokumenterades 43 familjegrupper av varg i Skandinavien vintern 2013-2014. Valpkullar dokumenterades i 38 av dessa familjegrupper. Tre familjegrupper var helnorska, alla med Ă„rsvalpar, fem var riksgrĂ€nsöverskridande, alla med Ă„rsvalpar, medan de resterande 35, varav 30 med Ă„rsvalpar, Ă„terfanns enbart i Sverige. I Finland registrerades 22 familjegrupper samma vinter, Ă„tta av dessa var belĂ€gna pĂ„ grĂ€nsen mellan Finland och Ryssland, medan 14 var helfinska.Antal valpkullar: Totalt dokumenterades 40 valpkullar födda vĂ„ren 2013, inklusive 2 kullar i helsvenska revir dĂ€r det inte var möjligt att pĂ„visa nĂ„gon familjegrupp under vintern.Revirmarkerande par: Totalt dokumenterades 23-24 revirmarkerande par i Skandinavien under vintern, 19 i enbart Sverige, 2-3 enbart i Norge och 2 belĂ€gna över riksgrĂ€nsen.Populationsutveckling: Den skandinaviska vargstammen fortsĂ€tter att vĂ€xa. Populationen visar inga statistiskt signifikanta förĂ€ndringar i tillvĂ€xttakt de senaste 16 Ă„ren (1998/99-2013/14), med en Ă„rlig genomsnittlig tillvĂ€xt pĂ„ 15 %. Under denna period har stammen ökat frĂ„n totalt 10 till 66-67 familjegrupper och par, medan antal födda valpkullar har ökat frĂ„n 6 till 40 under samma period.Immigranter och deras avkomma: Fyra sedan tidigare kĂ€nda immigranter frĂ„n den finsk-ryska vargstammen fanns fortsatt kvar i den skandinaviska stammen under vintern. Avkommor till tidigare invandrade vargar var förĂ€ldrar till 9 av de 40 dokumenterade valpkullarna som föddes 2013.Genetisk utveckling: Den genomsnittliga inavelsgraden för valpkullar var 0,25, nĂ€ra oförĂ€ndrad jĂ€mfört med Ă„ret innan (2012) dĂ„ motsvarande siffra var 0,24 vilket Ă€r den lĂ€gsta siffran sedan 1998.Döda vargar: 58 döda vargar dokumenterades i Skandinavien 1 maj 2013 - 30 april 2014, varav 44 i Sverige och 14 i Norge. Döda vargar under vintern Ă€r inkluderade i populationsuppskattningen
Varg i Skandinavien och Finland: Slutrapport frÄn inventering av varg vintern 2011-2012
Sammanfattning:
Vargstammen i Sverige och Norge utgör en gemensam population, Àven om den största delen av populationen Äterfinns i Sverige. En Ärlig inventering genomförs under vinterhalvÄret pÄ hela den Skandinaviska halvön, och liknande inventeringsmetoder anvÀnds i bÄda lÀnderna. I Sverige Àr LÀnsstyrelserna ansvariga för insamling av data i fÀlt (snöspÄrning och DNA prov) i respektive lÀn, medan Viltskadecenter (SLU) pÄ Grimsö Forskningsstation Àr ansvarig för utvÀrdering och sammanfattning av resultatet frÄn frÄn varginventeringen. I Norge Àr vargbiologer vid Högskolan i Hedmark i samarbete med en genetiker frÄn Rovdata (NINA, Trondheim) och Statens Naturoppsyn (SNO) ansvariga för inventeringen. Vidare har ett Fennoskandiskt samarbete etablerats med Finland. AllmÀnheten, inklusive lokalbefolkningen, jÀgare och renÀgare rapporterar ocksÄ in vargobservationer och bidrar dÀrigenom till den Ärliga inveneringen av vargpopulationen. Vinterns inventeringsresultat i Skandinavien Àr huvudsakligen baserad pÄ snöspÄrning och DNA-analyser av insamlad spillning. Radiotelemetridata, forskningsdata (Skandulv) och data frÄn döda vargar bidrar med viktig information i inventeringsarbetet. FÀltinsatsen Àr begrÀnsad till tidsperioden frÄn 1 oktober 2011 till 29 februari 2012. Förekomst av varg har registrerats pÄ revirnivÄ och klassificerats som 1) familjegrupper (flockar), 2) revirmarkerande par, 3) övriga stationÀra vargar, eller 4) övriga vargar (denna sista kategori anvÀnds i Sverige endast i renskötselomrÄdet, men för hela Norge). Familjegrupper kontrolleras alltid för föryngring. Resultaten presenteras som antal revir inom varje ovanstÄende kategori, samt som antal föryngringar varje vÄr. En uppskattning av den totala populationsstorleken, dvs. antalet vargar i Skandinavien, presenteras ocksÄ.
Totalt har 33 flockar och 27-28 revirmarkerande par registrerats under inventeringen 2011/2012. Föryngring har faststĂ€llts i 28 av de 33 flockarna. Tre flockar (alla med valpkullar) och tvĂ„ revirmarkerande par pĂ„trĂ€ffades i Norge, 4 flockar (3 med valpkullar) och 3-4 revirmarkerande par Ă„terfinns över grĂ€nsen mellan Norge och Sverige, och 26 flockar (varav 22 med valpkullar) samt 22 revirmarkerande par Ă„terfanns i Sverige. Fem revir klassificerades till kategorin âövriga stationĂ€ra vargarâ. Det totala antalet vargar i Skandinavien under vintern 2011-2012 uppskattades till mellan 260 och 330 vargar. Den totala populationen visar ingen statistiskt signifikant förĂ€ndring i tillvĂ€xttakt för de senaste 10 Ă„ren (medelvĂ€rde för tillvĂ€xttakt: 14 %). Under perioden 2000-2011 har populationen vuxit frĂ„n 16 till 60 flockar och par. TvĂ„ immigrerade vargar (kĂ€nda sedan tidigare) frĂ„n den finsk-ryska populationen fanns fortfarande kvar i populationen under vintern 2011-2012, men reproducerade sig inte. Ă
tta av valpkullarna 2011 har en förÀldrar som hÀrstammar frÄn en av de tvÄ sentida finsk-ryska invandrade vargarna. I Finland har totalt 14 helfinska revir konstaterats under vintern 2011-12. Dessutom har 10 flockar registrerats med revir pÄ grÀnsen mellan Finland och Ryssland. Ytterligare 8-16 stationÀra vargpar har konstaterats i Finland och lÀngs den finsk-ryska grÀnsen.Summary: The wolves in Sweden and Norway are members of a joint Scandinavian wolf population, though the majority of the population is found in Sweden. Annual census is performed during winter throughout the Scandinavian Peninsula using similar census methods in both countries. In Sweden, the County administrative boards are responsible for collectingfield data (snow-tracking and DNA samples) whereas the Wildlife Damage Center (VSC) at Grimsö Research Station is responsible for evaluating and summarizing the results of the wolf monitoring. In Norway, wolf biologists at Hedmark University College and a geneticist at Rovdata (Trondheim) in cooperation with the Norwegian Nature Inspectorate (SNO) are responsible for the monitoring programme. Furthermore, Fennoscandian cooperation is established with Finland. A large number of people from the public, including local residents, hunters and owners of semi-domestic reindeers also report observations, thereby participating in the nationwide, annual monitoring of wolves.
This winterâs estimate of the number of wolves in Scandinavia was mainly based on snow tracking and DNA-analysis of collected scats. When available, radio-telemetry data, other research data (Skandulv) and data on dead wolves were also used.
Active monitoring was restricted to the period of October 1, 2011 â February 29, 2012. Wolf presence was monitored on territory level and classified as 1) family groups (packs), 2) scent-marking pairs, 3) other resident wolves, or 4) other wolves (category 4 used only in the reindeer husbandry area in Sweden, and within thebut the entire country in Norway). Family groups were always checked for the presence of pups. The results are presented as the number of territories within each of the four categores, as well as the number of reproductions each spring. An estimate of the total population size, i.e. the number of wolves in Scandinavia, is also presented.
A total of 33 packs and 27-28 scent-marking pars were found during the census 2011/2012. Wolf reproduction was confirmed in 28 of the 33 packs. Three packs (all including pups) and 2 scent-marking pairs were located in Norway, 4 packs (3 with litters born) and 3-4 scent-marking pairs were located across the Swedish-Norwegian border, and 26 packs (litters born in 22) and 22 scent-marking pairs were located in Sweden. Five territories with âother resident wolvesâ were also found. The total wolf population size in Scandinavia during the 2011-2012 winter was estimated to between 260 and 330 wolves. For the total population, no significant changes in growth rate have been detected for the last 10 years (mean growth rate; 14 %). During the period 2000-2011, the population has increased from 16 to 60 packs and pairs. Two immigrants (known since earlier) from the Finnish-Russian population were still present in the population during winter 2011/2012, but did not reproduce. Eight of the litters born in 2011 had a parent descending from recent finnish-russian immigrants.
In Finland, during the winter 2011-12, a total of 14 packs with territory boundaries exclusively in Finland were confirmed. Also, 10 packs had territories across the Finnish-Russian border. In addition, a total of 8-16 resident wolf pairs were confirmed in Finland and along the Finnish-Russian border.Oppdragsgivere: Rovdata (NINA), Norge og NaturvÄrdsverket, Sverig
Potential for increased connectivity between differentiated wolverine populations
Information on genetic population structure provides important knowledge for species conservation. Yet, few studies combine extensive genetic data to evaluate the structure and population dynamics of transboundary populations. Here we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes to analyze the genetic population structure of wolverines (Gulo gulo) across Fennoscandia using a long-term monitoring dataset of 1708 individuals. Clear population subdivision was detected between the Scandinavian and the eastern Finnish population with a steep cline in the contact zone. While the Scandinavian population showed isolation by distance, large swaths of this population were characterized by high connectivity. Areas with high resistance to gene flow are likely explained by a combination of factors, such as historical isolation and founder effects. From a conservation perspective, promoting gene flow from the population in eastern Finland to the northwest of Scandinavia could augment the less variable Scandinavian population, and increase the demographic resilience of all subpopulations. Overall, the large areas of low resistance to gene flow suggest that transboundary cooperation with aligned actions of harvest and conflict mitigation could improve genetic connectivity across Finland, Sweden, and Norway
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