A Simple Transistors Width Adjustment Method on CMOS Transmission Gate Switch to Reduce Hold Error of S/H Circuit

Sample and Hold (S/H) circuit is one of the most important circuits in analog and mixed signal integrated circuit. This circuit is the main block of many applications, such as switched capacitor circuit, analog to digital converter (ADC), etc. The majority of S/H circuits are implemented using MOS technology because the high input impedance of MOS devices performs excellent holding functions. Ideal characteristics of the S/H circuit are low hold error, low On-resistance and constant On-resistance in all voltage levels. There are some techniques to reduce the hold error and achieve low On-resistance. However, these techniques need additional compensation circuit. For this reason, a simple transistors width adjustment method on CMOS transmission gate (TG) switch to reduce hold error of S/H circuit without additional circuit that can be implemented in the actual design process is proposed in this paper. The basic idea of the proposed method is balancing hold error caused by N-type and P-type MOS transistor in CMOS switch that is used in S/H circuit. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using HSPICE with 0.6 µm CMOS standard process. As a result, using 1.5 V constant input in the PMOS transistor width WP range of 3 to 35 µm the average WN/WP ratio given by this proposed method is 0.928 with the average absolute hold error is 0.427 mV and maximum absolute hold error is 0.8 mV

Proposal and design methodology of switching mode low dropout regulator for Bio-medical applications

The switching operation based low dropout (LDO) regulator utilizing on-off control is pre-sented. It consists of simple circuit elements which are comparator, some logic gates, switched capacitor and feedback circuit. In this study, we target the application to the power supply circuit for the analog front end (AFE) of bio-medical system (such as daily-used bio-monitoring devices) whose required maximum load current is 50 A. In this paper, the design procedure of the proposed LDO has been clarified and actual circuit design using the procedure has been done. The proposed LDO has been evaluated by SPICE simulation using 1P 2M 0.6 m CMOS process device parameters. From simulation results, we could confirm that the low quiescent current of 1 A with the output ripple of 5 mVpp. The circuit area is 0.0173 mm2 in spite of using 0.6 m design rules. The proposed circuit is suitable for adopting to the light load and low frequency applications

New active diode with bulk regulation transistors and its application to integrated voltage rectifier circuit

This paper describes new active diode with bulk regulation transistors and its application to the integrated voltage rectifier circuit for a biological signal measurement system with smartphone. The conventional active diode with BRT has the dead region which causes leak current, and the output voltages of the application (e.g. voltage rectifier circuit) decrease. In order to overcome these problem, we propose new active diode with BRT which uses the control signal from the comparator of active diode to eliminate the dead region. Next we apply the proposed active diode with BRT to the integrated voltage rectifier circuit. The proposed active diode with BRT and voltage rectifier circuit were fabricated using 0.6 μm standard CMOS process. From experimental results, the proposed active diode with BRT eliminates the dead region perfectly, and the proposed voltage rectifier circuit generates + 2.86 V (positive side) and - 2.70 V (negative side) under the condition that the amplitude and frequency of the input sinusoidal signal are 1.5 V and 10 kHz, respectively, and the load resistance is 10 kΩ

Simple Measurement System for Biological Signal Using a Smartphone

This paper describes simple measurement system for biological signal using smartphone. The proposed system consists of an instrumentation amplifier, a filter and an AC/DC converter. The biological signal is converted to the digital data through the microphone terminal with A/D converter in the smartphone. In many cases, the circuits require the power sources such as the cell batteries, however, the proposed system is supplied the power through the earphone terminal of the smartphone. Therefore, the proposed system no require the batteries. The software of this system parallelizes the processing so that the earphone output and the microphone terminal can be executed at the same time. The proposed system was verified through the measurement of surface electromyogram using discrete parts and iOS. Results of experimentation, the proposed system was operating correctly

CMOS Temperature Sensor with Programmable Temperature Range for Biomedical Applications

A CMOS temperature sensor circuit with programmable temperature range is proposed for biomedical applications. The proposed circuit consists of temperature sensor core circuit and programmable temperature range digital interface circuit. Both circuits are able to be operated at 1.0 V. The proposed temperature sensor circuit is operated in weak inversion region of MOSFETs. The proposed digital interface circuit converts current into time using Current-to-Time Converter (ITC) and converts time to digital data using counter. Temperature range can be programmed by adjusting pulse width of the trigger and clock frequency of counter. The proposed circuit was simulated using HSPICE with 1P, 5M, 3-wells, 0.18-μm CMOS process (BSIM3v3.2, LEVEL53). From the simulation of proposed circuit, temperature range is programmed to be 0 °C to 100 °C, it is obtained that resolution of the proposed circuit is 0.392 °C with -0.89/+0.29 °C inaccuracy and the total power consumption is 22.3 μW in 25 °C.

The relation between preferential right and title retention clause in Sale of Goods

Many people understand title retention clause as the division of ownership but don't consider relations with preferential rights (civil code art.303, 321). Preferential right is a right in personam having priority, not a right in rem. When a buyer does not pay the price in full, the seller can use a preferential right to the whole sold goods. When they agree title retention clause, the seller has the payment claim that is not paid in full and beforehand the buyer can use and transfer an sold goods like an owner. From this point, it's possible to understand that sold goods with title retention clause is "the thing of the debtor" which is necessary for the establishment of the preferential rights. Furthermore, title retention clause is agreement to reinforce a preferential right. Therefore, the preferential rights is acceptable even if title retention clause is agreed

Two Supreme Court Decisions on Ownership Reservation by a Credit Company

Japanese Supreme Court Decision (June 4, 2010) “According to the facts, it is appropriate to construe that the Tripartite Contract was not concluded to confirm that the ownership of the Automobile reserved by the sales company would be transferred to the appellee as a result of subrogation, but it was concluded to make an agreement that the appellee, as security for the Claim for the Money Paid on the Purchaser's Behalf, would acquire the ownership of the Automobile transferred thereto from the sales company and then reserve such ownership. It should therefore be construed that the right that the appellee is entitled to exercise as the right of separate satisfaction is said ownership that has been reserved thereby as security for the Claim for the Money Paid on the Purchaser's Behalf, etc. More specifically, the appellee is to acquire, under the Tripartite Contract, the Claim for the Money Paid on the Purchaser's Behalf, etc. against the appellant, which covers not only the amount equivalent to the Remaining Price but also the amount of commission. Under this contract, the parties have agreed that the ownership of the Automobile shall be reserved by the appellee until the Obligation for the Money Paid on the Purchaser's Behalf, etc. is fully satisfied, and that when the appellant forfeits the benefit of time for the Obligation for the Money Paid on the Purchaser's Behalf, etc. and delivers the Automobile to the appellee, the appellee may appropriate the appraised value of the Automobile to satisfaction of the Obligation for the Money Paid on the Purchaser's Behalf, etc. This clearly indicates that the ownership to be transferred from the sales company and reserved by the appellee is intended as security for the Claim for the Money Paid on the Purchaser's Behalf, etc. If the effect of the appellee making payment on behalf of the appellant is limited to the transfer of the ownership of the Automobile, which has been reserved by the sales company, to the appellee as a result of subrogation, the appellee's claim would be secured only up to the amount equivalent to the Remaining Price, which is contrary to what the parties reasonably intended under the Tripartite Contract.” Japanese Supreme Court Decision (December 7, 2017) “In the case where it was agreed that the ownership of the Automobile reserved by the sales company as security for the Claim for the Remaining Price, the guarantor of the trade price paid the Remaining Price to the selling company as the guarantee obligation. It causes subrogation by performance, and as a result, the ownership of the Automobile that has been reserved by the sales company as security for its claim for the Remaining Price is transferred to the guarantor, by operation of law, along with the claim for the Remaining Price held by the sales company against the buyer. ” The difference between the two judgments arises from the difference in the secured claims that the credit company contracted with the buyer. Then, is it possible to exercise the remaining price claim under the tripartite contract? Under Japanese law, transfer of collateral without secured claim is not allowed. Therefore, the secured claim will be attributed to the credit company. However, the selling company still has claims on automobiles as secured receivables. Therefore, the possibility of exercising secured claims depends on the interpretation of collateral subshares

Title retention clause in sales contracts for items without individuality.

In the trade in products without individuality and sold by quantity, specificity may be lost if a target object is stored together with inventory items after delivery to a buyer. However, if the target object can be identified by uniquely associating it with an individual delivery, then its specificity can be maintained even after storage with other inventory items. Such an arrangement would allow the seller to achieve proportionate control even for items sold only by quantity. This arrangement would also permit the seller to hold collateral, including those products paid for, until the aggregate collateral reaches the total amount sold. However, to justify this conclusion, I think it is necessary to consider whether to use the concept of aggregation. Furthermore, it is necessary to review the concept of "within normal business"