Bilinear estimates in Besov spaces generated by the Dirichlet Laplacian

The purpose of this paper is to establish bilinear estimates in Besov spaces generated by the Dirichlet Laplacian on a domain of Euclidian spaces. These estimates are proved by using the gradient estimates for heat semigroup together with the Bony paraproduct formula and the boundedness of spectral multipliers.Comment: 29 page

Besov spaces on open sets

This paper is devoted to giving definitions of Besov spaces on an arbitrary open set of $\mathbb R^n$ via the spectral theorem for the Schr\"odinger operator with the Dirichlet boundary condition. The crucial point is to introduce some test function spaces on $\Omega$. The fundamental properties of Besov spaces are also shown, such as embedding relations and duality, etc. Furthermore, the isomorphism relations are established among the Besov spaces in which regularity of functions is measured by the Dirichlet Laplacian and the Schr\"odinger operators

Rogue diva flows: Aoi Sola's reception in the Chinese media and mobile celebrity

Theorizations of celebrity often contend with questions of the constructed nature of star persona. This is more so the case when discussing divas in Japan, as they are subject to a wide range of gender regimes that mould the ways in which their persona is produced and consumed. Contemporary forms of transnationalism in East Asia, however, have created media flows and fan bases that provide new opportunities for Japanese female celebrities to re-construct their star personas, transcending their celebrity status in Japan. Focusing on the case of Aoi Sola, a Japanese adult video actress turned celebrity, this article demonstrates how transnational East Asian flows problematize our static theorization of celebrity. Sola's interactions with her Chinese social media fan base have afforded her a cosmopolitan persona that has been celebrated as a cultural bridge between China and Japan. At the same time, her star persona leaves her vulnerable to re-inscriptions into transnational politics as played out in everyday media flows. This dynamic is best demonstrated in Sola's attempts to quell anti-Japanese sentiment in China as well as in her efforts to reinscribe her star persona using nostalgic associations of cultural similarity and a shared past. Based on analyses of Sola's celebrity trajectory from adult video to online Chinese mediascape Diva, this article suggests that contemporary star persona status is better understood in terms of gender, movement and ‘meshworks’

Inequality and Communicative Struggles in Digital Times: A Global Report on Communication for Social Progress

Originally the “Media and Communication” chapter of the International Panel on Social Progress, published by Cambridge University Press, we hope this version as a CARGC Press book will expand the reach of the authors’ vision of communication for social progress.https://repository.upenn.edu/cargc_strategicdocuments/1001/thumbnail.jp

Media, communication and the struggle for social progress

This article discusses the role of media and communications in contributing to social progress, as elaborated in a landmark international project ? the International Panel on Social Progress. First, it analyses how media and digital platforms have contributed to global inequality by examining media access and infrastructure across world regions. Second, it looks at media governance and the different mechanisms of corporatized control over media platforms, algorithms and content. Third, the article examines how the democratization of media is a key element in the struggle for social justice. It argues that effective media access ? in terms of distribution of media resources, even relations between spaces of connection and the design and operation of spaces that foster dialogue, free speech and respectful cultural exchange ? is a core component of social progress

Dealing with Disasters: Environmental History of Early Modern Cities (Edo, Istanbul, London, Pest, and Prague)

List of ContributorsForeword Introduction The Ordinary and the Extraordinary in Early Modern Cities / Koichi Watanabe trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Part I: Aspects of Urban Disasters Chapter 1 Typhoon Damage in 1856 Edo: Integrating Archaeology, Climatology and History / Koichi Watanabe, Junpei Hirano, Hiroyuki Ishigami, and Masumi Zaiki trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Chapter 2 The Great Flood in Pest, 1838 / Csaba Katona Chapter 3 Fire Disasters in European Cities, 1600-1800 David Garrioch Comment Disaster of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 / Akira Horichi trans. by Yoko Onodera Part II: Disasters and Responses Chapter 4 Prevent the Big Water. Flood Control Measures in Prague (Bohemia) Issued by Public Administrative Bodies in Late 18th Century / Ondřej Hudeček Chapter 5 Citizens’ Awareness of Firefighting in Edo: Analysing Eighteenth-Century Textbooks on Firefighting / Reiji Iwabuchi trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Part III: Infrastructure as Artificial Nature Chapter 6 The Ordinary Made Extraordinary: The Archaeology of Water Management in a Global City / Sophie Jackson Chapter 7 Management and Civil Engineering of Urban Water Supply and Sewage System in Edo as Seen from Archaeological Excavation / Hiroyuki Ishigami trans. by Mina Ishizu Chapter 8 Dredging the Edo Castle\u27s Moat: a Case of the Okayama-Domain Dredging in 1765 / Reiji Iwabuchi trans. by Naoko Nomoto Chapter 9 Canal, Dredging and Sedimentation in the Lowland Area of East Edo: Considering Physical and Spatial Characteristics of Canals in a Historical Context / Genki Takahashi trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Part IV: Hinterland and Nature Chapter 10 Flooding in Edo and the Tone-gawa River and Tama-gawa River Systems / Koichi Watanabe trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Chapter 11 The Great Edo Flood of 1742 and the Okutama Valley / Koichi Watanabe trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Chapter 12 The Deluge of Istanbul in 1563: a Case of Flood Where There Was No River / Kazuaki Sawai trans. by Yoko Onodera Chapter 13 Storms, Flooding and the Development of London 1300-1500 / Matthew Davies Chapter 14 Bridging London’s River’s General Situation of London, the Thames, the Bridge / Vanessa Hardin

Inducible astrocytic glucose transporter-3 contributes to the enhanced storage of intracellular glycogen during reperfusion after ischemia

Glucose is a necessary source of energy to sustain cell activities and homeostasis in the brain, and enhanced glucose transporter (GLUT) activities are protective of cells during energy depletion including brain ischemia. Here we investigated whether and if so how the astrocytic expression of GLUTs crucial for the uptake of glucose changes in ischemic conditions. Under physiological conditions, cultured astrocytes primarily expressed GLUT1, and GLUT3 was only detected at extremely low levels. However, exposure to ischemic stress increased the expression of not only GLUT1 but also GLUT3. During ischemia, cultured astrocytes significantly increased production of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), leading to an increase in GLUT3 expression. Moreover, astrocytic GLUT3 was responsible for the enhanced storage of intracellular glucose during reperfusion, resulting in increased resistance to lethal ischemic stress. These results suggested that astrocytes promptly increase GLUT3 production in situations such as ischemia, and much glucose is quickly taken up, possibly contributing to the protection of astrocytes from ischemic damage

Functional significance of the negative-feedback regulation of ATP release via pannexin-1 hemichannels under ischemic stress in astrocytes

The opening of pannexin-1 (Px1) hemichannels is regulated by the activity of P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs). At present, however, little is known about how extracellular ATP-sensitive P2X7Rs regulates the opening and closure of Px1 hemichannels. Several lines of evidence suggest that P2X7Rs are activated under pathological conditions such as ischemia, resulting in the opening of Px1 hemichannels responsible for the massive influx of Ca^[2+] from the extracellular space and the release of ATP from the cytoplasm, leading to cell death. Here we show in cultured astrocytes that the suppression of the activity of P2X7Rs during simulated ischemia (oxygen/glucose deprivation, OGD) resulted in the opening of Px1 hemichannels, leading to the enhanced release of ATP. In addition, the suppression of the activity of P2X7Rs during OGD resulted in a significant increase in astrocytic damage. Both the P2X7Rs suppression-induced enhancement of the release of ATP and cell damage were reversed by co-treatment with blockers of Px1 hemichannels, suggesting that suppression of the activity of PX7Rs resulted in the opening of Px1 hemichannels. All these findings suggested the existence of a negative-feedback loop regulating the release of ATP via Px1 hemichannels; ATP-induced suppression of ATP release. The present study indicates that ATP, released through Px1 hemichannels, activates P2X7Rs, resulting in the closure of Px1 hemichannels during ischemia. This negative-feedback mechanism, suppressing the loss of cellular ATP and Ca^[2+] influx, might contribute to the survival of astrocytes under ischemic stress

Possible involvement of nitric oxide in the modulation of photolytic flash-induced intercellular calcium waves in cultured astrocytes

Waves of elevated intracellular free calcium that propagate between neighboring astrocytes are important for the intercellular communication between astrocytes as well as between neurons and astrocytes. In this study, intercellular calcium waves were evoked by focal photolysis of a caged calcium inophore in cultured astrocytes. The focal photolysis of the caged compound resulted in an increase of intracellular calcium in the flashed cells, and this increase then propagated to neighboring astrocytes. The evoked calcium increase was inhibited by incubating cells with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase as well as with a scavenger of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, treatment of cultures with an NO donor resulted in the marked enhancement of the photolytic flash-induced calcium rise in astrocytes. This enhancement was reversed by treatment with inhibitors of soluble guanylyl cyclase as well as of protein kinase G