Studying three management skills among midwifery managers of Iranian universities of medical sciences in 2015

Introduction: Nowadays, for organizational success, managers should accept multiple roles that each requires trainings for specific skills. This issue especially is much more important in health care systems that are responsible for improving the health of the society. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine three managerial skills among midwifery managers Iranian Medical Sciences Universities.Method: This study was descriptive and data collection method was cross-sectional. The subjects in this study included members of the Board of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, bachelors of midwifery in the field of health care and members of midwifery faculty from eight Iranian universities of medical sciences. Collecting information was performed through demographic characteristics questionnaire and triple skills of management researcher-made questionnaire. Validity and reliability were determined through content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of α = 0.88 and test results were evaluated and analyzed by inferential statistics (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test) which p < 0.05 was considered as the significant level.Results: The results of this study showed that in the field of knowledge, managers prioritized the skills as follows: the human-communicational skills (MR =69.05), technical skills (MR =50.31) and theoretical-cognitive skills (MR =47.57). Also prioritization of skills from the perspective of the study population in the field of importance was human-communicational skills (MR =82.23), technical skills (MR =76.57) and theoretical-cognitive skills (MR =75.47).Discussion: According to the results of this study, the importance of humancommunicational skills in all the hierarchy and categories of management is one of the essential tasks of managers for promoting organizations toward the achievement of their goals efficiently and effectively.Keywords: Managers, Management Skills, Human Skills, Midwive

Mental Health Changes and Its Predictors in Adolescents using the Path Analytic Model: A 7-Year Observational Study.

OBJECTIVE: This 7-year observational study examines the hours of TV-watching, phone conversation with friends, using the internet, and physical activity as predictors of mental health among adolescents in south of Iran. METHODS: At the baseline (in 2005), the participants were 2584 high school students in the 9th to 11th grade. At the baseline, 30% of the available participants (n = 775) were selected in the follow-up (2012) using convenience sampling method. This study used the path analysis to examine the predictors of mental health and to obtain direct, indirect and total effects of the independent variables. RESULTS: At the baseline (2005), female gender, internet use, maternal education, physical activity and father's education were associated with mental health (p<0.05). Baseline mental health, internet use and physical activity predicted mental health of the participants in the follow up (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the study revealed that better mental health in later life is associated with better mental health at baseline, male gender, higher physical activity and phone communication with friends, and less use of the internet and TV

Design and performance of ropes for climbing and sailing

Ropes are an important part of the equipment used by climbers, mountaineers, and sailors. On first inspection, most modern polymer ropes appear similar, and it might be assumed that their designs, construction, and properties are governed by the same requirements. In reality, the properties required of climbing ropes are dominated by the requirement that they effectively absorb and dissipate the energy of the falling climber, in a manner that it does not transmit more than a critical amount of force to his body. This requirement is met by the use of ropes with relatively low longitudinal stiffness. In contrast, most sailing ropes require high stiffness values to maximize their effectiveness and enable sailors to control sails and equipment precisely. These conflicting requirements led to the use of different classes of materials and different construction methods for the two sports. This paper reviews in detail the use of ropes, the properties required, manufacturing techniques and materials utilized, and the effect of service conditions on the performance of ropes. A survey of research that has been carried out in the field reveals what progress has been made in the development of these essential components and identifies where further work may yield benefits in the future

The effects of glucan on hematological parameters, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Rutilus frisii kutum fry

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary glucan on some haematological parameters, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Rutilus frisii kutum. In the present study, various levels of ingredient so called Hoplit (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) containing glucan was added to a basal formulated diet. Twenty and five kutum fry with a mean (±SD) weight of 1.15±0.06g were stocked in each experimental tank (100 l capacity) filled with 80 liter of water. Fish were fed on experimental diet for 56 days and biometry was performed every 15 days. At the end of the trial blood samples were collected for measurement of haematological parameters including: Red and white blood cells count, differential count of white blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin, and innate immune factors (Immunoglobulin and Lysozyme). Fries in 1.5% treatment had highest serum immunoglobins (Ig) and eosinophil, although when compared with control but with no significant differences. Highest MCHC, hematocrit and hemoglobin were observed in the 0.5 and 1% treatments and the highest MCV and red blood cell count were in 0.5 percent treatment. The highest white blood cells count and neutrophils was observed in 2% treatment. The highest and lowest levels of lysozyme activity were observed in 1% and control treatments, respectively. Evaluation of the total bacteria and LAB counts revealed significant increase in 0.5% treatment. According to these results administration of dietary glucan can be considered for stimulation of innate immune response of white fish fry

Electrical transport and optical studies of ferromagnetic Cobalt doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting a metal-insulator transition

The observed correlation of oxygen vacancies and room temperature ferromagnetic ordering in Co doped ZnO1-o nanoparticles reported earlier (Naeem et al Nanotechnology 17, 2675-2680) has been further explored by transport and optical measurements. In these particles room temperature ferromagnetic ordering had been observed to occur only after annealing in forming gas. In the current work the optical properties have been studied by diffuse reflection spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region and the band gap of the Co doped compositions has been found to decrease with Co addition. Reflections minima are observed at the energies characteristic of Co+2 d-d (tethrahedral symmetry) crystal field transitions, further establishing the presence of Co in substitutional sites. Electrical transport measurements on palletized samples of the nanoparticles show that the effect of a forming gas is to strongly decrease the resistivity with increasing Co concentration. For the air annealed and non-ferromagnetic samples the variation in the resistivity as a function of Co content are opposite to those observed in the particles prepared in forming gas. The ferromagnetic samples exhibit an apparent change from insulator to metal with increasing temperatures for T>380K and this change becomes more pronounced with increasing Co content. The magnetic and resistive behaviors are correlated by considering the model by Calderon et al [M. J. Calderon and S. D. Sarma, Annals of Physics 2007 (Accepted doi: 10.1016/j.aop.2007.01.010] where the ferromagnetism changes from being mediated by polarons in the low temperature insulating region to being mediated by the carriers released from the weakly bound states in the higher temperature metallic region.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Engineering Cu2O Nanowire Surfaces for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Cu2O is a narrow band gap material serving as an important candidate for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction. However, the main challenge that hinders its practical exploitation is its poor photostability, due to its oxidation into CuO by photoexcited holes. Here, we thoroughly minimize the photo-oxidation of Cu2O nanowires by growing a thin layer of the TiO2 protective layer and an amorphous layer of the VOx cocatalyst using magnetron sputtering and atomic layer deposition, respectively. After optimization of the protective and the cocatalyst layers, the photoelectrode exhibits a current density of -2.46 mA/cm2 under simulated sunlight (100 mW/cm2) at 0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, and its performance is stable for an extended illumination time. The chemical stability and the good performance of the engineered photoelectrode demonstrate the potential of using earth-abundant materials as a light-harvesting device for solar hydrogen production

Chain extension of recycled PA6

YesRecycling of polymers is a necessity in our intensively consuming polymer world but the nature of polymers is such that they are prone to thermal degradation when re-extruded and this poses technical challenges to recycling. This article describes research that seeks to rebuild the structure of degraded PA6. We present data from controlled experiments with pristine pPA6 extruded to form a base recycle rPA6 to which we added two chain extenders, separately: one with anhydride multifunctionality (ANHY), highly reactive with amide groups and one with epoxy multifunctionality (EPOX), less reactive. We found from rheological data carried out in the linear viscoelastic region (so as to study structural changes) a striking difference in the ability of the chain extenders to rebuild structure: 306% increase in the complex viscosity of rPA6/ANHY compared to 25% in that of rPA6/EPOX of the base rPA6. Mechanical and thermal (DSC and TGA) tests confirmed the superior efficacy of the multifunctional anhydride chain extender. Beside the practical benefit that ensues from this research, it also provides a strategic platform to develop chain extenders for other degrading polymers on the basis of understanding the degradation chemical reaction and targeting the most reactive end group of the split chains

MoS2 Nanosheets Uniformly Anchored on NiMoO4 Nanorods, a Highly Active Hierarchical Nanostructure Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Pseudo-Capacitors

Hierarchical nanostructures have attracted considerable research attention due to their applications in the catalysis field. Herein, we design a versatile hierarchical nanostructure composed of NiMoO4 nanorods surrounded by active MoS2 nanosheets on an interconnected nickel foam substrate. The as-prepared nanostructure exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction per-formance, producing a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 90 mV, in comparison with 220 mV necessary to reach a similar current den-sity for NiMoO4. This behavior originates from the structural/morphological properties of the MoS2 nanosheets, which present numerous surface-active sites and allow good contact with the electrolyte. Besides, the structures can effectively store charges, due to their unique branched network providing accessible active surface area, which facilitates intermediates adsorptions. Particularly, NiMoO4/MoS2 shows a charge capacity of 358 mAhg−1 at a current of 0.5 A g−1 (230 mAhg−1 for NiMoO4), thus suggesting promising applications for charge-storing devices