Economic aspects of the process of degradation and devastation of soil

In the article the author undertakes an attempt to formulate the conception of research into economic consequences of the process of degradation and devastation of rural environment in Poland, especially the degradation and devastationof soil. „Devastation" is understood as the destruction of the layer of soil, and „degradation" is conceived as a gradual loss of its fertility. The considerations have led the author to the conclusion that the most adequate research method is the system analysis; its scheme is included in the article. The said scheme was the basis for multidirectional analysis of relations between the sphere of natural environment and the sphere of human activity. Several types of negative influence of human activity on rural environment, especially on soil, have been taken into account, i.e. detrimental activity connected with industry, agriculture, exchange and consumption. Most of negative influences are reflected in the increase of soil pollution, and — in consequence — in the decrease of arable land area. A separate paper will be devoted to the formulation of a mathematical model of relations between man and environment; the above findings and the scheme will be used for that purpose.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201

Employer Expectations Regarding the Competencies of Employees on the Energy Market in Poland

It is because of competencies that there is a possibility of ensuring the strategic safety of each country when it comes to energy security. With the vast development of IT and teamwork, there are various competencies needed in the whole energy sector. The aim of this study is to assess the needs of competencies in the Polish energy labor market as well as the trends among hard ad soft skills also in the context of renewable energy sources. Within an exploratory approach, 245 job advertisements were analyzed using various tools, including general descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U tests, as well as Spearman’s Rho. The research confirmed that teamwork and MS Office are crucial demands of employers. It is also important that the market is diverse when it comes to competence demands, but soft skills are needed in every position, even purely technical ones