Social networks as a means OF English language teachingof students of radiotechnic educational programms

The article is devoted to the study of the social network Vkontakte as a new element of information and communication technologies in the classroom of the English language teaching in higher education. Particular attention is paid to the integration of popular social networks in the educational process in order to further development of the educational material given in the classroom with students of radioelectronic educational programms of the Ural Federal University. Active and widespread use of mobile devices and social networks in everyday life ensures the relevance of their application for students. The purpose of this study is to determine the approaches and principles of teaching using social networks, to develop stages of work with social networks, to determine the actual methods of using social networks in the process of learning English.Статья посвящена исследованию социальной сети ВКонтакте в качестве нового элемента информационно-коммуникационных технологий на занятиях английского языка в высшем учебном заведении

Genotypes and Subtypes of Hepatitis B Virus Isolates in the Territory of Siberia

Identified are the occurrence, serotypic and genotypic variations of Hepatitis B virus isolates (HBV) among the Novosibirsk region inhabitants (n=2000), native population of the Alarsk District of the Irkutsk Region (n=487) and Shuryshkarsk Township of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (n=657). Occurrence rate of hepatitis В surface antigen (HBsAg) among different groups of the Novosibirsk Region population varied within the limits of 3,6-35,0 %. It was 8,2 % in Alarsk District, and 3,2 % in Shuryshkarsk Township. HBV isolates of D genotype (92-97 %) prevail among the population of Siberia; few are the cases of A (1,7 %) and C (1,2-8 %) genotypes. The identified varying occurrence of HBV sub-genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in two aboriginal groups of Siberia (D3 sub-genotype and ayw2 subtype - in the Alarsk District, D2 and ayw3 - in Shuryshkarsk Township) suggests the existence of, at least, two isolated HBV virus populations, circulating among different groups of Siberia native population

A model of the artificial metastasis of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 in nude mice for examination of the oncolytic activity of vaccinia virus

Human carcinoma A431 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice at points remote from each other. One of the two xenografts developed after­wards was used for treatment with a recombinant vaccinia virus, while another served as an artificial metastasis. We used the attenuated recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) VVdGF-GFP2 of the L-IVP strain (GenBank accession number KP233807), with deletion of two virulence genes: the virus growth factor and thymidine kinase, with the gene for the green fluorescent protein (GFP2) inserted in an area of the latter. Treatments were performed by a single intratumoral injection of the recombinant VACV at a dose of 107 PFU/mouse. VACV was detected in cells of the artificial metastasis as early as two days following infection, and after 8 days virus concentrations were com- parable with those in the infected tumor (~109 PFU/ml). Electron microscopy revealed selective replication of the recombinant in tumor cells. Targeted accumulation of GFP2 in both tumor and metastasis was shown in the UV-images of the mice obtained using the In-vivo Multispectral Imaging System (Bruker, Germany). Complete destruction of the tumor was registered after 12 days, and that of metastasis, after 20 days post injection of VVdGF-GFP2. The destruction process was accompanied by pronounced edema and leukocyte infiltration of tumor tissue. The recombinant virus induced a significant reduction in the sizes of the tumor and metastasis: by the end of the experiment (35 days) the xenografts in the control mice were 10 times larger than those in the treated mice (5000 vs. 500 mm3). Our study showed that the attenuated VACV administered by the peripheral route not only is able to destroy the primary tumor, but also has a distinct antimeta­static action

Immunogenic and Protective Features of the Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Strain Expressing Cassette of Genes of Marburg Virus Structural Proteins

The aim of the study was to create a highly immunogenic vaccine construct based on a recombinant variant of a replication-defective MVA strain of vaccinia virus, expressing virus-like particles that mimic natural infection with Marburg virus. Materials and methods. The recombinant virus was obtained through recombination between homologous viral DNA sequences and the insertion plasmid pDel2-GP-VP-Pat which carries transgenes of the structural proteins GP and VP40 of Marburg virus, flanked by fragments of MVA strain genome. Structure of the recombinant virus was confirmed in PCR and using sequencing, transgenes expression was analyzed by Western blotting, viruslike particles formation was recorded using electron microscopy. Evaluation of immunogenicity and protectivity was carried out using a guinea pig model. The antibody titer was determined in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess T-cell response, the intracellular staining of cytokines was used, followed by analysis of samples on a flow cytometer. Results and discussion. On the basis of highly attenuated MVA strain of vaccinia virus a recombinant variant MVA-GP-VP40-MARV has been constructed, carrying a cassette of transgenes, GP and VP40, of Marburg virus in the region of deletion II of the genome. The expression of transgenes in MVA-permissive CER cells infected with recombinant MVA-GP-VP40-MARV strain and secretion of GP and VP40 proteins into culture medium have been demonstrated. Electron microscopy analysis has revealed the presence of Marburg virus-like particles in the culture medium of cells 12 hours after infection. Double vaccination of guinea pigs with MVA-GP-VP40-MARV strain at a dose of 108 PFU/animal induced the formation of antibodies to Marburg and vaccinia viruses, as well as 100 % protection against lethal Marburg virus infection (50 LD50). Using original TEpredict software, the structure of T-helper epitopes of GP protein has been predicted. Using the ICS method, the biological activity of these epitopes has been experimentally confirmed and it was shown that they provide the induction of a T-cell immune response as part of the MVA-GP-VP40-MARV vaccine construct

Amyloid-Mediated Sequestration of Essential Proteins Contributes to Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity in Yeast

BACKGROUND: Polyglutamine expansion is responsible for several neurodegenerative disorders, among which Huntington disease is the most well-known. Studies in the yeast model demonstrated that both aggregation and toxicity of a huntingtin (htt) protein with an expanded polyglutamine region strictly depend on the presence of the prion form of Rnq1 protein ([PIN+]), which has a glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we showed that aggregation and toxicity of mutant htt depended on [PIN+] only quantitatively: the presence of [PIN+] elevated the toxicity and the levels of htt detergent-insoluble polymers. In cells lacking [PIN+], toxicity of mutant htt was due to the polymerization and inactivation of the essential glutamine/asparagine-rich Sup35 protein and related inactivation of another essential protein, Sup45, most probably via its sequestration into Sup35 aggregates. However, inhibition of growth of [PIN+] cells depended on Sup35/Sup45 depletion only partially, suggesting that there are other sources of mutant htt toxicity in yeast. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data suggest that induced polymerization of essential glutamine/asparagine-rich proteins and related sequestration of other proteins which interact with these polymers represent an essential source of htt toxicity

Содержание и изменчивость тестостерона у взрослых и молодых баранов романовской породы

In the article, the authors conducted a comprehensive study of the interior, including biochemical, physiological, physicochemical, cytogenetic, and other indicators in sheep of the Romanov breed of Western Siberia. For the study, blood serum samples were taken from 10 rams-producers and 30 lambs at four months. Conventional methods took blood samples. Analyses were performed in the biochemistry laboratory of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University using the technique of competitive enzyme immunoassay with the reagent kit “SteroidIFAtestosterone” for the quantitative determination of testosterone concentration in blood serum. In the sheep breeding area, the authors constantly monitored the content of heavy metals in water, soil, feed, organs, and tissues. The concentration of chemical elements did not exceed the permissible exposure limit. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on a Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC analyzer. The authors performed statistical processing of experimental data using standard methods of descriptive statistics, the statistical programming language, or the RStudio data analysis environment (using the functions DescrStats, Summary, Sd, Read. Table, Write. Table, Aes). The authors established the influence of the age of ontogenesis on the testosterone content in Romanov rams. Presented figure with two variation curves with high transgression. The average testosterone level was 1.8 times higher in lambs (0.774 mmol/l) than in lambs. Testosterone concentration was characterized by high phenotypic variability. The authors have identified reference intervals for testosterone in blood serum depending on environmental conditions in sheep of the Romanov breed of Western Siberia.У овец романовской породы в Западной Сибири проводится комплексное изучение интерьера, включающее биохимические, физиологические, физико-химические, цитогенетические и другие показатели. Для исследования взяты пробы сыворотки крови у 10 баранов - производителей и 30 баранчиков в возрасте 4 месяцев. Образцы крови отобраны по общепринятым методикам. Исследования проводились в лаборатории биохимии Новосибирского государственного аграрного университета с использованием метода конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа с набором реагентов «СтероидИФА-тестостерон» для количественного определения концентрации тестостерона в сыворотке крови. В зоне разведения овец проводился постоянный мониторинг содержания тяжелых металлов в воде, почве, кормах, органах и тканях. Концентрация химических элементов не превышала уровня ПДК. Иммуноферментный анализ провели на анализаторе Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC. Статистическая обработка экспериментальных данных проводилась с помощью стандартных методов описательной статистики и языка статистического программирования или среды анализа данных RStudio (при помощи функций descrstats, summary, sd, read.table, write. table, aes). Было установлено влияние возраста онтогенеза на содержание тестостерона у баранов романовской породы. Представлен рисунок с двумя вариационными кривыми с высокой трансгрессией. Средний уровень тестостерона был выше в 1,8 раза у баранов-производителей (0,774 ммоль/л), чем у баранчиков. Концентрация тестостерона характеризовалась высокой фенотипической изменчивостью. Выявлены референсные интервалы по тестостерону в сыворотке крови в зависимости от экологических условий у баранов романовской породы Западной Сибири