Neurogenic bladder: etiology and assessment

A review of the various causes of neurologic impairment to the lower urinary tract in children was the aim of this presentation. The emphasis was on diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment that strive to maintain as normal a function as possible in order to achieve eventual urinary continence and health of the upper urinary tract. The latest principles based on the most up to date evidence are promulgated but with an eye towards historical prospective. The reader should gain an adequate understanding of various disorders that comprise this condition and feel comfortable with proposing options for management when faced with the responsibility of caring for an affected child

Mechanisms of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) regulation: clinical impacts in cancer

Background Limitless self-renewal is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is attained by telomere maintenance, essentially through telomerase (hTERT) activation. Transcriptional regulation of hTERT is believed to play a major role in telomerase activation in human cancers. Main body The dominant interest in telomerase results from its role in cancer. The role of telomeres and telomere maintenance mechanisms is well established as a major driving force in generating chromosomal and genomic instability. Cancer cells have acquired the ability to overcome their fate of senescence via telomere length maintenance mechanisms, mainly by telomerase activation. hTERT expression is up-regulated in tumors via multiple genetic and epigenetic mechanisms including hTERT amplifications, hTERT structural variants, hTERT promoter mutations and epigenetic modifications through hTERT promoter methylation. Genetic (hTERT promoter mutations) and epigenetic (hTERT promoter methylation and miRNAs) events were shown to have clinical implications in cancers that depend on hTERT activation. Knowing that telomeres are crucial for cellular self-renewal, the mechanisms responsible for telomere maintenance have a crucial role in cancer diseases and might be important oncological biomarkers. Thus, rather than quantifying TERT expression and its correlation with telomerase activation, the discovery and the assessment of the mechanisms responsible for TERT upregulation offers important information that may be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in oncology. Furthermore, a better understanding of these mechanisms may promote their translation into effective targeted cancer therapies. Conclusion Herein, we reviewed the underlying mechanisms of hTERT regulation, their role in oncogenesis, and the potential clinical applications in telomerase-dependent cancers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Grammatik im Unterricht : ein Projekt

Bericht über ein Projekt des Goethe-Instituts in München, das in 7 europäischen Ländern durchgeführt wird. Es werden Unterrichtsstunden, die die Erarbeitung einzelner grammatischer Phänomene zeigen, in Sekundarschulen des jeweiligen Landes auf Video aufgenommen. Diese Video-Mitschnitte werden in München bearbeitet und später mit einem dazugehörigen Lehrerhandbuch den zuständigen Lehrerfort-bildungsinstitutionen der Länder für deren eigene Fortbil-dungsmassnahmen zur Verfügung gestellt. Einzelne Unterrichtstunden werden in Arbeitsgemeinschaften geplant, z.B. am Goethe-Institut in Paris und in Nancy. Die Auswahl des grammatischen Phänomens und die Unterrichtsplanung bezieht sich immer auf eine bestimmte Schulklasse, die dann auf Video aufgenommen wird. Die fertigen Video-Mitschnitte sollen nicht als Modell-Unterricht angesehen werden, sondern sie sollen zur Dikussion unter Lehrern anregen.Rapport sur un projet de l'Institut Goethe qui se réalise dans 7 pays européens. Nous faisons des enregistrements sur vidéo de cours scolaires portant sur un phénomène grammatical. Ces enregistrements seront évalués à Munich et, plus tard, mis à la disposition à différentes institutions de formation continue dans les pays respectifs. Des cours scolaires sont conçus dans des équipes de travail à l'institut Goethe de Paris et de Nancy. Le choix du phénomène grammatical et la structuration du cours sont toujours destinés à une classe scolaire déterminée, dans laquelle se fera ultérieurement l'enregistrement. Le cours filmé ne doit pas être considéré comme modèle, mais devrait inciter les professeurs d'allemand à des discussions et à trouver des alternatives.Kochling Margareta. Grammatik im Unterricht : ein Projekt. In: Cahiers de l'APLIUT, volume 6, numéro 2, 1986. La Grammaire, comment l'enseigner vraiment ? pp. 75-79

A Thermodynamic Analysis of Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells (SOEC)

Fuel cell systems are a crucial technology in the future energy market. With the renewable energy sector growing, there is a significant need for reversible energy storage and alternative sources of continuous power. Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (R-SOCs) are of particular interest due to their ability to electrochemically convert chemical energy to electrical energy and vice versa with no carbon or other particulate emissions. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) mathematical models are developed and analyzed in this study. Additionally, SOFCs and SOECs are modeled using the process simulation software packages Aspen Plus and IDAES, so the processes can be combined to analyze an R-SOC cycle. The mathematical models found that SOEC performance improves with increasing temperature by lowering the voltage and slightly increasing the voltage efficiency. The Aspen Plus simulation determined a similar relationship between voltage and temperature. Therefore, an operating temperature of around 1173K is suggested for SOECs with the current setting. During operation, lower current densities, activation energies, and cell resistance is suggested. For SOFC mode, increasing partial pressure of H2O relative to H2 and decreasing partial pressure of O2 will improve performance. For SOEC mode, increasing the partial pressure of H2 relative to H2O and increasing the partial pressure of O2 will improve performance

Determining Awareness and Perception of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China and the United States

This interactive qualifying project (IQP) in partnership with Hangzhou Dianzi University (HDU) in China explored and assessed public awareness and perception of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China and the United States through a series of interviews and survey studies. Findings show that TCM remains a popular form of medical care in China, but in the U.S. TCM is generally not as widely utilized as domestically produced medication. In both countries, TCM awareness is primarily spread orally, not through conventional commercial channels, and detailed information on TCM practices is not readily available to the public. In addition, not all TCM practices are covered under current medical insurance policies in the U.S.. Major recommendations include greater inclusion of TCM in educational mediums and government healthcare policies as well as further propagation through community effort