Expandable coating cocoon leak detection system

Development of system and materials for detecting leaks in cocoon protective coatings are discussed. Method of applying materials for leak determination is presented. Pressurization of system following application of materials will cause formation of bubble if leak exists

S-Benzylthiuronium Salts of Some Barhituric Acid Derivatives*

Preparation and properties of the S-benzylthiuronium salts of fourteen barbituric acid derivatives are described

S-Benzylthiuronium Salts of Some Barhituric Acid Derivatives*

Preparation and properties of the S-benzylthiuronium salts of fourteen barbituric acid derivatives are described

Sinteze u redu difeniletera I. Prilog poznavanju (p-nitrodiienileter)-sulfonskih kiselina

Od pet teoretski mogucih (p-nitrodifenileter)-sulfonskih kiselina priredena su jednoznacnim sintetskim putem cetiri izomera (I-IV). Opisuju se priprava i svojstva slobodnih kiselina, njihovih kialijevih, barijevih i S-benzil-izotiuronijevih soli te odgovarajucih sulfoklorida i sulfonamida

Sinteze u redu difeniletera I. Prilog poznavanju (p-nitrodiienileter)-sulfonskih kiselina

Od pet teoretski mogucih (p-nitrodifenileter)-sulfonskih kiselina priredena su jednoznacnim sintetskim putem cetiri izomera (I-IV). Opisuju se priprava i svojstva slobodnih kiselina, njihovih kialijevih, barijevih i S-benzil-izotiuronijevih soli te odgovarajucih sulfoklorida i sulfonamida

Identification of male-specific volatiles from Neartic and Neotropical stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-09T01:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ID10018.pdf: 537102 bytes, checksum: 11c1f7944bfb17316f8117c170d8e47d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997-04-28bitstream/item/178381/1/ID-10018.pd

Attractancy of Racemic Disparlure and Certain Analogues to Male Gypsy Moths and the Effect of Trap Placement

Traps hung on small trees of 3-8 cm diam and baited with racemic epoxides, hydrocarbons and other analogues related to racemic cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure) resulted in male Lymantria dispar L. (gypsy moth) catches statistically indistinguishable from those of unbaited traps. Only (±)-disparlure yielded trap catches statistically above the level of unbaited traps. However, trap placement on trees of ca. 0.5 m diam produced appreciable trap catches, even in unbaited trap

Sinteze u redu difeniletera. III. O sulfoniranju 4-nitro- i 2,4-dinitrodifeniletera

Sulfoniranje 4-nitrodifeniletera moze se lako provesti s koncentriranom sumpornom kiselinom, pri cemu se stvara uglavnom 4\u27-nitrodifenileter-sulfonska kiselina-(4) [I], uz neznatne kolicine 4\u27-nitrodifenileter-sulfonske kiseline-(2) [II]. Kao produkt sulfoniranja 2,4-dinitrodifeniletera izolirana je iskljucivo 2\u27,4 \u27 -dinitrodifenileter-sulfonska kiselina-(4) [III]. Radi identifikacije usporedeni su produkti sulfoniranja I-III, kao i neki njihovi derivati, s uzorcima, koji su pripravljeni jednoznacnim sintetskim putem. Opisuje se sinteza kiseline III iz 4-klor-1,3-dinitrobenzena i dikalijeva p-fenolsulfonata

The Importance of I. Horvat’s Unpublished Text on the Historical Development of the Vegetation in South-Eastern Europe

Auf Grund langjähriger Untersuchungen der tertiären und quartären Vegetation Südosteuropas kam der erste Autor (N. Pantić) zu gleichen Ergebnissen, wie der Botaniker I. Horvat durch seine geobotanischen Forschungen bereits vor 30 Jahren. Da jedoch das umfangreiche Kapitel über »Die Pflanzenwelt Südosteuropas als Ausdruck erd- und vegetationsgeschichtlicher Ergebnisse« des Horvatschen originalen Manuskripts im Buch von Horvat, I., Glavač, V. und N. Ellenberg (1973) nicht veröffentlicht wurde, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit versucht, die Grundgedanken Horvats in kürzerer Form darzustellen und sie mit den Ergebnissen von N. Pantić zu vergleichen. Es handelt sich dabei um Fragen 1. der eigenartigen Entwicklung der Festlandvegetation Südosteuropas während des Tertiärs, die zu einem besonderen Reichtum der Balkanflora führte, wobei Horvat die Bedeutung der »Repere-Floren« schon damals richtig erkannt hat; 2. der Erklärung von Ursachen klimatischer Veränderungen während des Postpliozäns bis heute durch die Anwendung der Theorie von Milankovic (1941), die Horvat sofort angenommen hat; und 3. der Verbindung der tertiär-pleistozänen Vegetation mit der heutigen Vegetation von Südosteuropa.Naša saznanja o razvoju kopnene vegetacije jugoistočne Evrope kroz tercijar i kvartar u ovisnosti o promjenama njezina životnog okoliša, u prvom redu klime i geodinamičkih promjena, sinteza su dugogodišnjih paleobotaničkih istraživanja prvog autora ovog rada (Pantić 1954, 1956, 1967, 1986, 1987). Analogne ideje iznosio je već prije trideset godina profesor botanike dr. Ivo Horvat (1897—1963) na osnovi temeljitih taksonomskih i vegetacijskih istraživanja te paralelnog studija biljnih zajednica i njihovih migracija kroz bližu geološku prošlost, najviše u vezi s promjenama klime (Horvat 1959). U monografiji Horvat,I., V. Glavač H. Ellenberg; Vegetation Südosteuropas, 1974, međutim, izostavljeno je Horvatovo poglavlje: »Biljni svijet jugoistočne Evrope kao izraz geoloških i povijesno-vegetacijskih zbivanja«. U tom neobjavljenom tekstu (120 tipkanih str.) ima više značajnih misli na koje treba upozoriti, jer se one, nedovoljno shvaćene u doba kada je tekst pisan, danas pokazuju ispravnima. Uglavnom se radi o tri značajna problema: 1) Horvat naglašava izuzetnost razvoja kopnene vegetacije jugoistočne Evrope u toku tercijara. U srednjoj i istočnoj Evropi nestale su osjetljive vrste mnogo ranije nego na Balkanu, gdje su se zadržale zaštićene paralelnim gorskim lancima. Pliocenske naslage Balkana su, s obzirom na klimatske odnose, vrlo nalik na srednjoevropski miocen. U jugoistočnoj Evropi uočeno je zaostajanje (duže trajanje) tople klime i vegetacije. Horvat je među prvima primijetio tu činjenicu i naglasio da se treba pri istraživanju razvoja vegetacije osloniti na reperne flore (fixed floras), i ne obazirati se na provodno značenje pojedinih vrsta. Treba također računati s faktorom paleobiogeografskih karakteristika pojedinih pokrajina. 2) U tumačenju promjena u toku ledenog doba Horvat se hrabro odlučio za Milankovićevo tumačenje uzroka klimatskih promjena u antropogenu, iako tada najveći broj paleoklimatologa Milanko-vićevu teoriju nije prihvaćao i ta se koncepcija tek od 1976. smatra definitivno dokazanom, a posebno od simpozija »Milankovitch and Climate, Columbia University, 1982« (Pantić 1983a, 1983 b). Horvat je »naučničkom pronicljivošću« (prema Pantiću) u svojemu rukopisu (str. 41) napisao ovo: »Prihvaćanje pomicanja polova u smislu Wegenera i Koppena može objasniti ledena doba. ali ne međuleđena. Ona su našla genijalno tumačenje prema Milan- koviću (1941) u periodičnim promjenama insolacije u posljednjih 650 000 godina. Milanković je proračunao za sjevernu Zemljinu polutku insolaciju u posljednjih 1 000 000 godina i mogao dokazati, da zbog periodičnih promjena određenih astronomskih veličina i to nagnutosti ekliptike, ekscentričnosti Zemljine putanje i precesije točke proljeća dolazi do periodičnog sniženja i povišenja ljetne temperature«. 3) Uspješno je u Horvatovim shvaćanjima povezan razvoj tercijarne i kvartarne vegetacije sa sadašnjim stanjem vegetacije u jugoistočnoj Evropi. Originalna i iscrpna fitocenološka objašnjenja daje Horvat kao izraz geoloških i povijesno-vegetacijskih zbivanja. Sigurno će proći još mnogo vremena da se odgonetnu svi tokovi promjena vegetacije u toku tercijara i antropogena u jugoistočnoj Evropi, ali i onda će stajati priznanje, da je nepublicirani Horvatov tekst predstavljao značajan doprinos na pravom putu odgonetavanja važne paleoklimatološke, paleobotaničke i geobotaničke problematikeDuring the Tertiary and Quartary the evolution of the continental vegetation of South-Eastern Europe depended on the changes of its environment, especially of the climate and the geodynamical events. This knowledge is the result of a synthesis of long time palaeobotanical investigations of the first author of this paper (Pantic 1954, 1956, 1967. 1986, 1987). Thirty years ago Professor Ivo Horvat (1897—1963) came to similar ideas based on his fundamental research into taxonomy and vegetation as well as on parallel studies of plant associations and their migrations during the near geological past, considering especially the changes of the climate. In the monograph by Horvat, Glavač and Ellenberg : »Vegetation of South-Eastern Europe«, however, the chapter of Horvat’s original manuscript: »The plant world of South-Eastern Europe as an expression of geological and historical vegetational events« was omitted. In this unpublished text (120 typewritten pages) there are many significant ideas, which should be pointed out, because they are — although they were not understood at the time when Horvat has wrote them — now recognized as being correct and valid. There are, in general, three important problems: 1. Horvat points out the exceptionality of the continental vegetation of South-Eastern Europe during the Tertiary. In the Central and Eastern Europe sensitive species disappeared much earlier than in the Balcans, where they survived owing to the protection of the mountain chains. The Pliocene sediments of the Balcans are in respect to climatic conditions much like those of the Miocene of Central Europe. In South- -Eastern Europe a retardation of the warm climate and vegetation occurred. Horvat was one of the first to realize this fact and to point out that one must — when investigating the development of a vegetation — consider the fixed flora (repère flora), regardless of the index significance of several species. It is also necessary to consider the factor of palaeobiogeographical characteristics of a country. 2. Horvat bravely accepted Milanković’s theory of climate changes in the Antropogene, although at that time (untill 1963) most palaeoclimatologists did not agreee with Milanković’s concept until 1976, when his work was definitely accepted, especially since the Symposium »Milankovitch and Climate«. Columbia University, 1982 (Pan tie 1983a, 1983b). His scientific intuition led Horvat to write (p. 41 of his manuscript) : »Acceptance of the movements of the earth’s poles according to Wegener and Koppen can explain the glacial periods, but not the interglacial ones. For them an ingenious interpretation (Milanković 1941) can be found in periodical changes of insolation during the last 650 000 years. Milanković calculated the insolation of the northern hemisphere during the last 1 000 000 years and was able to prove that periodical changes of some astronomical magnitudes, namely the obliquity of the ecliptic, the excentricity of the earth’s orbit and the precession of the vernal equinoxes point cause the periodical decrease or increase in the summer temperature«. 3. In Horvat’s interpretation the development of the Tertiary-Quartary vegetation is successfully connected with the recent situation of the vegetation in South-Eastern Europe. Original and exhaustive phytocoenological explanations have been given by Horvat as an expression of geological and historico-vegetational processes. A long period of research will be needed before all vegetational changes during the Tertiary and Athropogene in South-Eastern Europe can be explained. But even then it will be obvious that Horvat’s unpublished text (Horvat 1963) represents a significant contribution to endeavours way how to approach and solve the significant palaeoclima- tological, palaeobotanical and phytogeographical problems

Identification of the Sex Pheromone of a Protected Species, the Spanish Moon Moth Graellsia isabellae

Sex attractant pheromones are highly sensitive and selective tools for detecting and monitoring populations of insects, yet there has been only one reported case of pheromones being used to monitor protected species. Here, we report the identification and synthesis of the sex pheromone of a protected European moth species, Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), as the single component, (4E,6E,11Z)-hexadecatrienal. In preliminary field trials, lures loaded with this compound attracted male moths from populations of this species at a number of widely separated field sites in France, Switzerland, and Spain, clearly demonstrating the utility of pheromones in sampling potentially endangered insect species