The peroneus brevis tendon at its insertion site on fifth metatarsal bone

Background: The differences at the attachment site of peroneus brevis (PB) to the fifth metatarsal bone isimportant in terms of the forces exerted on the bone and hence the mechanism of fractures involving thisstructure. In this study, we investigated the anatomical properties of PB at the insertion site to the base offifth metatarsal bone, its possible intertendinous connections with peroneus tertius (PT) and theirpossible effects on the fracture occurrence at the bony attachment site.Methods: The length and the width of PB tendons at their mid- and end-points were measured andclassified according to the insertion types. Besides, the length and the width of the base of fifth metatarsalbone were assessed. The slips extending from the PB tendons and their relationship with PT were alsoevaluated. The data was compared statistically with each other and between the right and left sides.Results: The length of PB tendon was measured 79.57 15.40 mm on the right side; 81.48 14.31 mm on theleft. The width of PB tendon at the mid-point was 4.46 0.80 mm on the right side; 4.42 0.94 mm on the left.The width of the tendon at its insertion point was measured 14.85 3.40 mm and 15.16 3.42 mm on the rightand left sides respectively. PB was divided into three types according to its attachment to base of fifth metatarsalbone (5thMB). Type I, Type II and Type III were observed at the rates of 59.5%, 28.6% and 11.5% respectively. It wasobserved that the slips to the bone were extending more commonly from PB than from PT and that the largemajority of them were single having their insertions on the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe.Conclusions: Knowing the width and insertional types of PB aids in understanding the mechanism offractures at the site of bony attachment. The existence of slips may help the surgeon in the proceduresinvolving PB or the lateral side of the forefoot

Investıgatıon of Free Radıcal Metabolısm In Septıc Rat s Heart Tıssues Treated Wıth Lıpopolysaccharıde; Effect of Vıtamın D

Sepsiste enfeksiyon ajanları ile uyarım sonucu proinflamatuvar sitokinlerin salınımı artmaktadır. Salınan proinflamatuvar mediyatörler serbest radikal oluşumunu tetiklemekte, oluşan serbest radikaller de oksidatif strese neden olmaktadır. Endotoksik şok tablosunun oksidatif stresle beraber seyretmesi de sepsis tablosunu ağırlaştırmaktadır. D Vitamininin ise antioksidan enzimleri artırarak oksidatif stresi azalttığı kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, deneysel sepsis oluşturulmuş ratların kalp dokularında serbest radikal metabolizmasını ve bu metabolizma üzerine D Vitamininin etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Çalışmada ağırlıkları yaklaşık 250-350 gr olan 24 adet dişi wistar albino rat kullanıldı. Ratlar SHAM grubu, sepsis grubu, D vitamini grubu, sepsis + D vitamini grubu olmak üzere 4 gruba bölündü. Sepsis 16 mg/kg dozunda LPS E.coli (O111.b4) intraperitoneal yolla uygulanarak oluşturuldu. D vitamini 3 gün boyunca 2 mg/kg 25(OH)Vitamin D3 (ayçiçek yağında çözülerek) gavaj yolula verildi. Ratların vücut sıcaklıkları rektal yoldan ölçüldü. Rat kalp dokularındaki serbest radikal enzimleri ve lipid peroksidasyonu seviyeleri spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü.Sepsis grubunda SOD, CAT ve NOS enzim aktiviteleriyle beraber lipid peroksidasyonu ürünü olan MDA da artış tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0,027; p=0,0488; p=0,029 ve p=0,002). D vitamini grubunda bir miktar SOD enzim aktivite artışı olmakla beraber istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0,179). Buna karşın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı CAT aktivite artışı görüldü (p=0,0047). Bu grupta lipid peroksidasyonu seviyelerinin göstergesi olan MDA nın artışı da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,273). D Vitamini + Sepsis grubunda ise Sepsis grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı CAT aktivite artışıyla beraber MDA da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş gözlendi (sırasıyla p=0,0372 ve p=0,02). Bu sonuçlardan da anlaşılmaktadır ki sepsis tablosunda kalp dokusunda antioksidan enzimlerin artışı yetersiz kalmakta ve lipid peroksidasyonu artmaktadır. Sepsiste D vitamininin kullanılması ise kalpte antioksidan enzimlerin aktivitelerinin artışını sağlayıp ve lipid peroksidasyonu seviyesini düşürebilir.Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. As a result of stimulation with infectious agent, proinflammatory cytokines increase in sepsis. Secreted proinflammatory mediators triggers the formation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Endotoxin shock, along with oxidative stress, exacerbates sepsis. On the other hand vitamin D increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the free radical metabolism and the effect of vitamin D on free radical metabolism in heart tissue of rats which are experimental sepsis model. 24 female wistar albino rats (weigt 250-350 g.) were divided into 4 groups randomely. 1) SHAM , 2) Sepsis, 3) Sepsis+vitamin D, 4) Vitamin D. Sepsis was induced with single intraperitoneal injection of LPS E.coli (O111-b4) 16 mg/kg. 25(OH) Vitamin D3 was given 2 mg/kg dose via gavage (in sunflower oil) for 3 days. Rectal body temperature was measured in rats. Antioxydant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels in rats heart tissue were measured by spectrophotometry. Additionally rat heart tissues were analysed histopathologically. SOD, CAT and NOS enzyme activity and MDA level was significantly higher in the Sepsis Group than SHAM Group (respectively p=0,027; p=0,0488; p=0,029 ve p=0,002). CAT enzyme activity was significantly higher in the Vitamin D group than SHAM group (p=0,0047). CAT enzyme activity was significantly higher and MDA was significantly lower in the Vitamin D+ Sepsis Group than Sepsis Group (respectively p=0,0372 ve p=0,02). It is also understood from these results that increase of antioxidant enzymes activity is insufficient and lipid peroxidation increases in sepsis. Vitamin D treatment in sepsis can provide an increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and may reduce the level of lipid peroxidation in heart tissue

Investıgatıon of Free Radıcal Metabolısm In Septıc Rat s Heart Tıssues Treated Wıth Lıpopolysaccharıde; Effect of Vıtamın D

Sepsiste enfeksiyon ajanları ile uyarım sonucu proinflamatuvar sitokinlerin salınımı artmaktadır. Salınan proinflamatuvar mediyatörler serbest radikal oluşumunu tetiklemekte, oluşan serbest radikaller de oksidatif strese neden olmaktadır. Endotoksik şok tablosunun oksidatif stresle beraber seyretmesi de sepsis tablosunu ağırlaştırmaktadır. D Vitamininin ise antioksidan enzimleri artırarak oksidatif stresi azalttığı kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, deneysel sepsis oluşturulmuş ratların kalp dokularında serbest radikal metabolizmasını ve bu metabolizma üzerine D Vitamininin etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Çalışmada ağırlıkları yaklaşık 250-350 gr olan 24 adet dişi wistar albino rat kullanıldı. Ratlar SHAM grubu, sepsis grubu, D vitamini grubu, sepsis + D vitamini grubu olmak üzere 4 gruba bölündü. Sepsis 16 mg/kg dozunda LPS E.coli (O111.b4) intraperitoneal yolla uygulanarak oluşturuldu. D vitamini 3 gün boyunca 2 mg/kg 25(OH)Vitamin D3 (ayçiçek yağında çözülerek) gavaj yolula verildi. Ratların vücut sıcaklıkları rektal yoldan ölçüldü. Rat kalp dokularındaki serbest radikal enzimleri ve lipid peroksidasyonu seviyeleri spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü.Sepsis grubunda SOD, CAT ve NOS enzim aktiviteleriyle beraber lipid peroksidasyonu ürünü olan MDA da artış tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0,027; p=0,0488; p=0,029 ve p=0,002). D vitamini grubunda bir miktar SOD enzim aktivite artışı olmakla beraber istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0,179). Buna karşın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı CAT aktivite artışı görüldü (p=0,0047). Bu grupta lipid peroksidasyonu seviyelerinin göstergesi olan MDA nın artışı da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,273). D Vitamini + Sepsis grubunda ise Sepsis grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı CAT aktivite artışıyla beraber MDA da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş gözlendi (sırasıyla p=0,0372 ve p=0,02). Bu sonuçlardan da anlaşılmaktadır ki sepsis tablosunda kalp dokusunda antioksidan enzimlerin artışı yetersiz kalmakta ve lipid peroksidasyonu artmaktadır. Sepsiste D vitamininin kullanılması ise kalpte antioksidan enzimlerin aktivitelerinin artışını sağlayıp ve lipid peroksidasyonu seviyesini düşürebilir.Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. As a result of stimulation with infectious agent, proinflammatory cytokines increase in sepsis. Secreted proinflammatory mediators triggers the formation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Endotoxin shock, along with oxidative stress, exacerbates sepsis. On the other hand vitamin D increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the free radical metabolism and the effect of vitamin D on free radical metabolism in heart tissue of rats which are experimental sepsis model. 24 female wistar albino rats (weigt 250-350 g.) were divided into 4 groups randomely. 1) SHAM , 2) Sepsis, 3) Sepsis+vitamin D, 4) Vitamin D. Sepsis was induced with single intraperitoneal injection of LPS E.coli (O111-b4) 16 mg/kg. 25(OH) Vitamin D3 was given 2 mg/kg dose via gavage (in sunflower oil) for 3 days. Rectal body temperature was measured in rats. Antioxydant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels in rats heart tissue were measured by spectrophotometry. Additionally rat heart tissues were analysed histopathologically. SOD, CAT and NOS enzyme activity and MDA level was significantly higher in the Sepsis Group than SHAM Group (respectively p=0,027; p=0,0488; p=0,029 ve p=0,002). CAT enzyme activity was significantly higher in the Vitamin D group than SHAM group (p=0,0047). CAT enzyme activity was significantly higher and MDA was significantly lower in the Vitamin D+ Sepsis Group than Sepsis Group (respectively p=0,0372 ve p=0,02). It is also understood from these results that increase of antioxidant enzymes activity is insufficient and lipid peroxidation increases in sepsis. Vitamin D treatment in sepsis can provide an increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and may reduce the level of lipid peroxidation in heart tissue

Preparation of silica coated cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles for the purification of histidine-tagged proteins

Surface modified cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles containing Ni-NTA affinity group were synthesized and used for the separation of histidine tag proteins from the complex matrices through the use of imidazole side chains of histidine molecules. Firstly, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were prepared in an aqueous solution using the controlled co-precipitation method. In order to obtain small CoFe2O4 agglomerates, oleic acid and sodium chloride were used as dispersants. The CoFe2O4 particles were coated with silica and subsequently the surface of these silica coated particles (SiO2-CoFe2O4) was modified by amine (NH2) groups in order to add further functional groups on the silica shell. Then, carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups were added to the SiO2-CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles through the NH2 groups. After that N alpha,N alpha-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine hydrate (NTA) was attached to carboxyl ends of the structure. Finally, the surface modified nanoparticles were labeled with nickel (Ni) (II) ions. Furthermore, the modified SiO2-CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were utilized as a new system that allows purification of the N-terminal His-tagged recombinant small heat shock protein, Tpv-sHSP 14.3

DR-70 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer.

To assess the utility of the DR-70 immunoassay in the diagnosis of gastric cancer

Preparation of silica coated cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles for the purification of histidine-tagged proteins

Surface modified cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles containing Ni-NTA affinity group were synthesized and used for the separation of histidine tag proteins from the complex matrices through the use of imidazole side chains of histidine molecules. Firstly, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were prepared in an aqueous solution using the controlled co-precipitation method. In order to obtain small CoFe2O4 agglomerates, oleic acid and sodium chloride were used as dispersants. The CoFe2O4 particles were coated with silica and subsequently the surface of these silica coated particles (SiO2-CoFe2O4) was modified by amine (NH2) groups in order to add further functional groups on the silica shell. Then, carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups were added to the SiO2-CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles through the NH2 groups. After that N alpha,N alpha-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine hydrate (NTA) was attached to carboxyl ends of the structure. Finally, the surface modified nanoparticles were labeled with nickel (Ni) (II) ions. Furthermore, the modified SiO2-CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were utilized as a new system that allows purification of the N-terminal His-tagged recombinant small heat shock protein, Tpv-sHSP 14.3