Condition of periapical tissues in endodonically treated teeth

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible relationship between the quality of restoration of the tooth crown, root canal obturation and periapical status of endodontic teeth. A series of X-ray images from randomly selected patient cards was studied at the Dental Faculty of the Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy. A total of 1001 endodontically treated teeth restored by permanent restoration were evaluated independently by two experts. According to a predetermined set of radiographic criteria, the technical quality of filling the root canals of the tooth was assessed as good (GE) or poor (PE). In turn, the technical quality of restoration of the tooth crown was also evaluated as good (GR), or poor (PR). Then, the roots of the teeth and the surrounding tissues were evaluated, and according to the available treatment result were classified as successful or unsuccessful. The success rate for all endodontic teeth was 66.4 % (n ‰ 1001). Teeth with root pins had a success rate of 72.7 % (n ‰ 527), the success rate of dental treatment without pins was 64.6% (n ‰ 472). The two groups with technically good endodontics had the highest success rates. In combination with technically good restorations, the success rate was 82% (GE + GR, 82 %), in the case of technically weak restorations, the success rate was 72 % (GE + PR, 72 %). Two groups with technically bad endodontics combined with good restorations or poor restorations had significantly lower success rates (PE + GR, 55 % and PE = PR, 57 %). When assessing the periapical status of endodontic teeth, it was found that the quality of endodontic treatment, evaluated radiographically, is much more important than the quality of restoration of the crown of the tooth

Probiotyki jako eksperymentalna metoda zapobiegania otyłości: wpływ liczby podawanych szczepów bakteryjnych i ich żywotności

Introduction: a comparative animal study of the efficacy of intermittent short-course administration of lyophilised single-, three-, and live multistrain probiotic on obesity. Methods: We included 70 rats divided into seven groups (n = 10 in each). Rats of group I were intact. Newborn rats of groups II–VII were injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g). Rats of group II (MSG-obesity group) were untreated. The group III-V received lyophilised monoprobiotics B. animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB, and L. casei IMVB-7280, respectively. Group VI received the mix of these three probiotic strains. Group VII was treated with multiprobiotic “Symbiter”, which contains 14 live probiotic strains (Lactobacillus, Bifi­dobacterium, Propionibacterium, Acetobacter genera). Results: Neonatal treatment with MSG caused stunted growth, which is why, despite the lack of weight gain dynamics and absence of significant food consumption rate and body weight changes at day 120, we noted the development of obesity in all MSG-obesity rats and in up to 20–70% after probiotic administration. Supplementation of probiotic composition, with preference to live strains, led to a significantly lower prevalence of obesity, and reduction of VAT weight and serum lipid levels as compared to single-strain probiotic. In our comparative single-strain analysis a trend towards more pronounced hypolipidaemic effect and VAT weight reduction was observed for lyophilised L. casei IMVB-7280 as compared to B. animalis VKL and VKB strains. Conclusions: Multistrain formed mutualistic interactions in mixtures and therefore able to share with different metabolites, affect differ­ent receptors and produced various of biologically active compounds which synergistic overall effect greater than the sum of the single effects.  Wstęp: Badania porównawcze na zwierzętach oceniające skuteczność w zapobieganiu otyłości podawania w krótkotrwałych cyklach liofilizowanych preparatów zawierających jeden, trzy lub więcej żywych szczepów probiotycznych. Materiał i metody: Do badania włączono 70 szczurów podzielonych na 7 grup (n = 10 w każdej grupie). Szczury w grupie I nie zostały poddane żadnej interwencji. Noworodkom szczurów w grupach II–VII wstrzyknięto glutaminian jednosodowy (monosodium glutamate, MSG) (4 mg/g). U szczurów z grupy II (z otyłością indukowaną MSG) niż stosowano żadnego leczenia. Szczury w grupach III–V otrzy­mywały liofilizowane probiotyki, odpowiednio B. animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB i L. casei IMVB-7280. Grupie VI podawano mieszankę tych trzech szczepów. W grupie VII stosowano wieloskładnikowy preparat probiotyczny „Symbiter” zawierający 14 żywych szczepów (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, Acetobacter). Wyniki: Podanie szczurzym noworodkom MSG spowodowało zahamowanie wzrostu, jednak mimo wolniejszego przyrostu masy ciała i braku istotnych zmian wielkości spożycia karmy i masy ciała po 120 dniach zaobserwowano rozwój otyłości u wszystkich szczurów z otyłością indukowaną MSG i u 20–70% zwierząt otrzymujących probiotyki. Podawanie kompozycji probiotyków, szczególnie żywych szczepów, prowadzi do istotnego zmniejszenia częstości występowania otyłości, ilości tkanki tłuszczowej trzewnej i stężania lipidów w surowicy w porównaniu ze stosowaniem preparatów jednoszczepowych. W analizie porównawczej preparatów jednoskładniko­wych stwierdzono tendencję w kierunku silniejszego działania hipolipemicznego i większej redukcji tkanki tłuszczowej trzewnej w przypadku liofilizowanego szczepu L. casei IMVB-7280 niż szczepów B. animalis VKL i VKB. Wnioski: W preparatach wieloszczepowych powstają wzajemne interakcje umożliwiające wymianę różnych metabolitów, wpływ na różne receptory i produkcję różnych biologicznie czynnych cząsteczek, których ogólny efekt synergistyczny jest większy niż suma efektów jednostkowych.

Condition of periapical tissues in endodonically treated teeth

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible relationship between the quality of restoration of the tooth crown, root canal obturation and periapical status of endodontic teeth. A series of X-ray images from randomly selected patient cards was studied at the Dental Faculty of the Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy. A total of 1001 endodontically treated teeth restored by permanent restoration were evaluated independently by two experts. According to a predetermined set of radiographic criteria, the technical quality of filling the root canals of the tooth was assessed as good (GE) or poor (PE). In turn, the technical quality of restoration of the tooth crown was also evaluated as good (GR), or poor (PR). Then, the roots of the teeth and the surrounding tissues were evaluated, and according to the available treatment result were classified as successful or unsuccessful. The success rate for all endodontic teeth was 66.4 % (n ‰ 1001). Teeth with root pins had a success rate of 72.7 % (n ‰ 527), the success rate of dental treatment without pins was 64.6% (n ‰ 472). The two groups with technically good endodontics had the highest success rates. In combination with technically good restorations, the success rate was 82% (GE + GR, 82 %), in the case of technically weak restorations, the success rate was 72 % (GE + PR, 72 %). Two groups with technically bad endodontics combined with good restorations or poor restorations had significantly lower success rates (PE + GR, 55 % and PE = PR, 57 %). When assessing the periapical status of endodontic teeth, it was found that the quality of endodontic treatment, evaluated radiographically, is much more important than the quality of restoration of the crown of the tooth

Probiotics and smectite absorbent gel formulation reduce liver stiffness, transaminase and cytokine levels in NAFLD associated with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical study

Introduction. In double-blind single center randomized clinical trial (RCT), the efficacy of alive probiotics sup­plementation with smectite gel vs. placebo in type 2 diabetes patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) detected on ultrasonography (US) were studied. Material and methods. A total of 50 patients met the criteria for inclusion. They were randomly assigned to receive Symbiter Forte combination of probiotic biomass with smectite gel (250 mg) or placebo for 8-weeks. The primary main outcomes were the change in fatty liver index (FLI) and liver stiffness (LS) meas­ured by shear wave elastography (SWE). Secondary outcomes were the changes in transaminases activity, serum lipids and cytokines levels. Results. All subjects completed the study and received more than 90% of prescribed sachets. In respect to our primary endpoints, FLI and LS insignificant de­crease in both interventional and placebo groups. However, when we compare mean changes across groups from baseline, expressed in absolute values, the reduction of both LS (–0.254 ± 0.85 vs. 0.262 ± 0.77; p = 0.031) were observed. Analysis of sec­ondary outcomes showed that co-administration of probiotic with smectite lead to significant reduction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino­transferase (AST), total cholesterol, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) after 8 weeks. Conclusion. In this RCT, we confirmed previously re­ported animal data, showing that co-administration of probiotic with smectite manifested with reduction of LS, liver transaminases and chronic systemic inflam­mation

Wpływ Z56822977 na biosyntezę serotoniny w mózgu szczurów z otyłością wywołaną przez podawanie glutaminianu sodu

Wstęp: Badanie przeprowadzono w celu wyjaśnienia wpływu Z56822977 na biosyntezę serotoniny w mózgu szczurów z otyłością wy­wołaną podawaniem glutaminianu sodu (monosodium glutamate, MSG). Materiał i metody: W badaniu wykorzystano 18 samców szczura. Zwierzęta podzielono na trzy grupy: 1 — grupa kontrolna, 2 — grupa MSG, 3 — grupa MSG + Z56822977. Szczurzym oseskom w grupie 2 i 3 podawano podskórnie MSG rozpuszczony w soli fizjologicznej w dawce 4 mg/g masy ciała w objętości 8 μl/g w 2., 4., 6., 8. i 10. dniu życia. Grupie 3 podawano doustnie wodny roztwór Z56822977 w dawce 25 mg/kg w objętości 1 ml/kg. Pierwszą dawkę Z56822977 podawano po ukończeniu 4 tygodni życia, a następnie kontynuowa­no podawanie badanej substancji cyklicznie wedlug schematu tydzień podawania substancji badanej/3 tygodnie przerwy. Zwierzętom z grupy MSG podawano odpowiednio 1 ml/kg wody doustnie. Przez pierwsze 4 miesiące życia szczury otrzymywały standardową karmę. Zmierzono zawartość serotoniny, tryptofanu i 5-hydroksytryptofanu (5-HTr) oraz aktywność hydroksylazy tryptofanowej (tryptophan hydroxylase, TRH), dekarboksylazy aminokwasów (amino acid decarboxylase, AADC) i monoaminooksydazy (MAO) w tkance mózgowej. Wyniki: Wykazano, że podawanie Z56822977 ma pozytywny wpływ na główne wskaźniki otyłości, co odzwierciedlają zmiany podsta­wowych parametrów fizjologicznych i biochemicznych [zmniejszenie masy ciała o 13% vs. MSG (p < 0,05); zmniejszenie wskaźnika masy ciała (body mass index, BMI), wskaźnika Lee oraz masy tkanki tłuszczowej trzewnej odpowiednio o 18%, 7% i 55%, (p < 0,05) w porównaniu z grupą MSG]. Zawartość tryptofanu i serotoniny była istotnie niższa (p < 0,05) u szczurów z otyłością wywołaną przez MSG. W badaniach wykazano, że u otyłych szczurów aktywność MAO zwiększa się o 97% (p < 0,05), a aktywność TRH i AADC odpowiednio o 44% i 53% (p < 0,05). Podawanie Z56822977 powodowało zwiększenie zawartości serotoniny i tryptofanu w mózgach szczurów i przywracało poziom aktywności enzymów (MAO, TRH, AADC) do wartości mierzonych u zwierząt kontrolnych. Wnioski: Wiadomo, że otyłość wiąże się z zaburzeniem syntezy serotoniny w mózgu szczurów. Jednak podawanie Z56822977 prowadzi do normalizacji stężenia serotoniny i tryptofanu oraz przywrócenia prawidłowej aktywności enzymów uczestniczących w biosynte­zie i degradacji serotoniny. Podawanie Z56822977, cząsteczki wpływającej na układ serotoninergiczny, może powodować korzystne efekty w leczeniu otyłości wywołanej przez MSG u szczurów. Można rozważać zastosowanie cząsteczki Z56822977 jako nowego leku stosowanego w otyłości, jednak konieczne są dalsze badania w celu potwierdzenia jej działania

Occlusal trauma of implant-supported metal-ceramic crown: a case report

In this article there is a clinical case of occlusion trauma of implant-supported metal-ceramic crown for prosthetics of central incisor. Its uniqueness is the possibility to save dental implant after acute occlusion impact, which was strong enough to break ceramic facing of fixed denture, but not able to destroy bone and implant components. The occlusion force located at the incisal edge of the crown induced a reverse torque to the implant and did not result in its failure or bone resorption. In a year after repeated fixed prosthetics, the results of clinical examination proved absence of any problem with osseointegration. Literature analysis lets us to suggest, that the phenomenon was caused by protective action of cortical bone around of dental implant. Besides, in the case of natural tooth, the bone is suddenly compressed against the conical root; it transfers occlusal breaking to the supporting periodontal ligament. A dental implant has no periodontal ligament but can have a rough surface that may preclude implant failure

Hepatic steatosis indices as predictors of vitamin D3 deficiency in patients with NAFLD associated with type 2 diabetes

Background. Recently, vitamin D3 deficiency is considered one of the factors associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim was to evaluate steatosis indices and metabolic parameters in NAFLD depending on vitamin D3 status. Methods. According to the recommendations of the European Society of Endocrinology, all patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — with an optimal level of vitamin D3 (30 ng/mL); group 2 — vitamin D3 insufficiency (21–29 ng/mL) and group 3 — vitamin D3 deficiency (< 20 ng/mL). Results. The study included 126 T2D patients with NAFLD diagnosed with ultrasound. The highest hepatic steatosis (HSI) and fatty liver (FLI) index values were diagnosed in vitamin D3 deficiency as compared to optimal group (HSI — 43.34 ± 6.59 vs. 39.67 ± 4.37; P = 0.032 and FLI — 79.21 ± 19.61 vs. 64.96 ± 17.72; P = 0.007). Triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) also were insignificantly elevated parallel to vitamin D3 status worsened (P = 0.175). In multivariate logistic regression analysis all steatosis indices were independent from transaminases activity, body mass index (BMI) and T2D duration associated with vitamin D3 deficiency. Conclusions. Hepatic steatosis indices (HSI, FLI and TyG) independently from anthropometric parameters and transaminase activity associated with D3 deficiency in NAFLD patient

Hepatic steatosis indices as predictors of vitamin D3 deficiency in patients with NAFLD associated with type 2 diabetes

Background. Recently, vitamin D3 deficiency is considered one of the factors associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim was to evaluate steatosis indices and metabolic parameters in NAFLD depending on vitamin D3 status. Methods. According to the recommendations of the European Society of Endocrinology, all patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — with an optimal level of vitamin D3 (30 ng/mL); group 2 — vitamin D3 insufficiency (21–29 ng/mL) and group 3 — vitamin D3 deficiency (< 20 ng/mL). Results. The study included 126 T2D patients with NAFLD diagnosed with ultrasound. The highest hepatic steatosis (HSI) and fatty liver (FLI) index values were diagnosed in vitamin D3 deficiency as compared to optimal group (HSI — 43.34 ± 6.59 vs. 39.67 ± 4.37; P = 0.032 and FLI — 79.21 ± 19.61 vs. 64.96 ± 17.72; P = 0.007). Triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) also were insignificantly elevated parallel to vitamin D3 status worsened (P = 0.175). In multivariate logistic regression analysis all steatosis indices were independent from transaminases activity, body mass index (BMI) and T2D duration associated with vitamin D3 deficiency. Conclusions. Hepatic steatosis indices (HSI, FLI and TyG) independently from anthropometric parameters and transaminase activity associated with D3 deficiency in NAFLD patient

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in Biodistribution, Toxicity, and Preclinical Exploration

Antioxidant nanoparticles have recently gained tremendous attention for their enormous potential in biomedicine. However, discrepant reports of either medical benefits or toxicity, and lack of reproducibility of many studies, generate uncertainties delaying their effective implementation. Herein, the case of cerium oxide is considered, a well‐known catalyst in the petrochemistry industry and one of the first antioxidant nanoparticles proposed for medicine. Like other nanoparticles, it is now described as a promising therapeutic alternative, now as threatening to health. Sources of these discrepancies and how this analysis helps to overcome contradictions found for other nanoparticles are summarized and discussed. For the context of this analysis, what has been reported in the liver is reviewed, where many diseases are related to oxidative stress. Since well‐dispersed nanoparticles passively accumulate in liver, it represents a major testing field for the study of new nanomedicines and their clinical translation. Even more, many contradictory works have reported in liver either cerium‐oxide‐associated toxicity or protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Based on this, finally, the intention is to propose solutions to design improved nanoparticles that will work more precisely in medicine and safely in society

Probiotics and smectite absorbent gel formulation reduce liver stiffness, transaminase and cytokine levels in NAFLD associated with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical study

Introduction. In double-blind single center randomized clinical trial (RCT), the efficacy of alive probiotics sup­plementation with smectite gel vs. placebo in type 2 diabetes patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) detected on ultrasonography (US) were studied. Material and methods. A total of 50 patients met the criteria for inclusion. They were randomly assigned to receive Symbiter Forte combination of probiotic biomass with smectite gel (250 mg) or placebo for 8-weeks. The primary main outcomes were the change in fatty liver index (FLI) and liver stiffness (LS) meas­ured by shear wave elastography (SWE). Secondary outcomes were the changes in transaminases activity, serum lipids and cytokines levels. Results. All subjects completed the study and received more than 90% of prescribed sachets. In respect to our primary endpoints, FLI and LS insignificant de­crease in both interventional and placebo groups. However, when we compare mean changes across groups from baseline, expressed in absolute values, the reduction of both LS (–0.254 ± 0.85 vs. 0.262 ± 0.77; p = 0.031) were observed. Analysis of sec­ondary outcomes showed that co-administration of probiotic with smectite lead to significant reduction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino­transferase (AST), total cholesterol, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) after 8 weeks. Conclusion. In this RCT, we confirmed previously re­ported animal data, showing that co-administration of probiotic with smectite manifested with reduction of LS, liver transaminases and chronic systemic inflam­mation