An analysis of influence of safe programming techniques on applications efficiency and security

The topics covered in this article are the risks that must be taken into account when developing the software. This article gives you an overview of safeguards against some of the anticipated common security vulnerabilities. Based on the written programs, the impact of the various techniques of safe programming on the performance and security of the application has been analyzed. This article presents both a theoretical description of the protections as well as examples of their technical implementation

Świadomość prekariatu a poczucie bezpieczeństwa na rynku pracy

The dynamism and the changing modern labour market are also reflected in the area of security. A variety of changes or changes in employment patterns can lead to instability, including in terms of work, employment and incomes. The weakening of individual areas of occupational safety not only has a dysfunctional effect on individuals, but can also contribute to weakening ties and relationships among entire populations. Precarious employment is seen as a social group with a low-paid, unstable employment structure that is not covered by social benefits. Knowledge of unstable employment relationships, flexibility in pay, ease of dismissal or change of job functions should be seen as unequal treatment of people in the labour market. Precariousness limits the ability to develop one’s own potential, and directly affects one’s subjectivity and the sense of security in the labour market.Zmieniający się współczesny rynek pracy ma swoje odzwierciedlenie również w sferze bezpieczeństwa. Różnorodność zmian i przeobrażeń w modelach zatrudnienia mogą wprowadzać brak stabilizacji w zakresie m.in.: pracy, zatrudnienia czy dochodów. Osłabienie poszczególnych obszarów bezpieczeństwa pracy nie tylko wpływa dysfunkcjonalnie na jednostkę, lecz może przyczyniać się do osłabienia więzi czy stosunków całych grup społecznych. Prekariat bowiem postrzegany jest jako grupa społeczna, która zajmuje pozycję nisko płatną, niestabilną i nieobjętą systemem świadczeń socjalnych w strukturach zatrudnienia. Świadomość niestabilnych relacji pracy, elastyczność względem płacy, łatwość zwalniania czy zmieniania funkcji pracownika traktowane winno być w kategorii nierównego traktowania ludzi na rynku pracy. Prekariat bowiem ogranicza zdolność rozwijania własnego potencjału, bezpośrednio wpływa na podmiotowość i poczucie bezpieczeństwa na rynku pracy

Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)

This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of  archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of  archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire

Taxes imposed on polish farmers

Polish farmers generally do not bear much fiscal charges. They do not pay income tax from natural persons and their basic fiscal charge is rural tax and real estate tax. Farmers supplying basic criteria can report commodities and services tax but farmers who do not supply the criterion obliging them to report VAT tax can benefit from some form of VAT tax rebate in the form of tax rebate lump sum defined as a rate from sold agricultural products. (В основному, польські фермери переважно не оподатковуються податками. У Польщі селяни не платять прибуткового податку від фізичних осіб, а основне податкове навантаження становлять сільськогосподарський податок, податок від нерухомості та лісовий податок. Фермери, які відповідають певним критеріям, можуть оподатковуватись податком на додану вартість. Фермери, які не відповідають критеріям, що зобов’язують оподатковуватись ПДВ, можуть також користуватися певною формою відшкодування ПДВ, у вигляді фіксованого повернення окресленої суми податку, як відсоток від вартості їх продажу сільськогосподарської продукції.

First principles study of topological phase in chains of 3d3d transition metals

Recent experiments have shown the signatures of Majorana bound states at the ends of magnetic chains deposited on a superconducting substrate. Here, we employ first principles calculations to directly investigate the topological properties of $3d$ transition metal nanochains (i.e., Mn, Cr, Fe and Co). In contrast to the previous studies [Nadj-Perge et al. Science 346, 602 (2014) and Ruby et al. Nano Lett. 17, 4473 (2017)], we found the exact tight binding models in the Wannier orbital basis for the isolated chains as well as for the surface--deposited wires. Based on these models, we calculate topological invariant of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ phase for all systems. Our results for the isolated chains demonstrate the existence of the topological phase only in the Mn and Co systems. We considered also a non-collinear magnetic order as a source of the non--trivial topological phase and found that this type of magnetic order is not a stable ground state in the Fe and Co isolated chains. Further studies showed that a coupling between the chain and substrate leads to strong modification of the band structure. Moreover, the analysis of the topological invariant indicates a possibility of emergence of the topological phase in all studied nanochains deposited on the Pb surface. Therefore, our results demonstrate an important role of the coupling between deposited atoms and a substrate for topological properties of nanosystems.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure