Contact and Relationship to Attitudes Towards Populations with Disability in Doctor of Physical Therapy Students

The present study examined contact in relation to attitudes towards disabled populations over the duration of physical therapy school. A total of 55 participants included 27 first year (Y1), 14 second year (Y2) and 14 third year (Y3) Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students that were largely female (80.0%), white (98.2%), and had a mean age of 26.1 (SD = 4.1) years. Two main instruments were utilized, the Contact with Disabled Persons Scale (CDP) and the Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDP), to examine the relationship between reported contact and attitudes towards persons of disability in the three groups. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between the CDP and the IDP, and that amounts of contact and positive attitudes would increase in relation to year in the PT program. The first aspect of the hypothesis was demonstrated to be correct, as significant correlations between the CDP and IDP scores were present. Between groups differences in scores were determined for both the CDP and the IDP. Further analysis determined differences in contact levels between year three students and the other two years, yet reported attitudes only differed between first year and third year students. These results lead to question as to whether clinical contact is a determinant of attitudes, or whether interpersonal contact is more salient. Further exploration of the interactions between contact and attitudes towards persons with disability in clinical contexts is necessary, as well as continuous examinations and adaptations of physical therapy programs’ disability curricula. Keywords: disability, attitudes, physical therapy, contact hypothesis, client-provider relationship

Role of T cell receptor signaling in CD8 T cell memory

The generation of immunological memory is the basis for vaccination. The development of memory CD8 T cells is required for long-term protection against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, and tumors. While the importance of memory generation has been recognized for over 30 years, the mechanism by which memory CD8 T cells arise during immune responses is still not fully understood. T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with antigen (immunogenic peptide)-bound MHC is necessary for activation and differentiation of CD8 T cells. Yet, how the resulting TCR signal regulates T cell memory is unknown. In this dissertation, we investigated the role that the TCR signal plays in memory differentiation. First, we explain how the strength of pMHC-TCR interaction affects memory generation. We also demonstrate that the signals for the development of memory are different depending on TCR ligand strength. Finally, we define a mechanism by which TCR signaling programs memory differentiation. All vaccines utilize pathogen-specific antigens to induce immunological memory. By understanding how antigenic signals program memory differentiation, it will be possible to specifically manipulate this process. We can then produce more effective and longer lasting memory cells

Influence of Tall Fescue Baseball Infield Mowing Height on Ground Ball Speed

Athletic field conditions have been shown to influence playability. Results of ball-roll speed studies can be used to predict success of infield hits. Field trials were conducted at Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research Center, Manhattan, KS, to determine the influence of tall fescue baseball infield mowing height on ground ball speed and batter on-base success. Mowing heights of 1, 2, and 3 inches resulted in 1.77, 2.08, and 1.88 s ground ball times, respectively

Probing the interiors of the ice giants: Shock compression of water to 700 GPa and 3.8 g/ccm

Recently there has been tremendous increase in the number of identified extra-solar planetary systems. Our understanding of their formation is tied to exoplanet internal structure models, which rely upon equations of state of light elements and compounds like water. Here we present shock compression data for water with unprecedented accuracy that shows water equations of state commonly used in planetary modeling significantly overestimate the compressibility at conditions relevant to planetary interiors. Furthermore, we show its behavior at these conditions, including reflectivity and isentropic response, is well described by a recent first-principles based equation of state. These findings advocate this water model be used as the standard for modeling Neptune, Uranus, and "hot Neptune" exoplanets, and should improve our understanding of these types of planets.Comment: Accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett.; supplementary material attached including 2 figures and 2 tables; to view attachments, please download and extract the gzipped tar source file listed under "Other formats

The Adsorption of Certain Vapors by Charcoal at Various Temperatures up to and above Their Critical Temperatures

It is perhaps safe to state that no one property of a solid substance has been more persistently studied through so long a period as has been the property of solid porous bodies to adsorb gases and vapors. The phenomenon of the adsorption of gases and vapors by charcoal was originally discovered independently by Scheele1 and by Fontana1 in 1777. In the century following much was contributed which deals with the general qualitative side of adsorption. It was not until the beginning of the present century and more particularly with the advent of poison gas warfare and the consequent demand for gas mask adsorbents that an intensive study of charcoal and its properties was undertaken. Since then many investigations have been made and a number of theories have been put forth in the attempt to explain the mechanism of adsorption and to deduce laws governing it

Excessive gas exchange impairment during exercise in a subject with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and high altitude pulmonary edema

A 27-year-old male subject (V(O2 max)), 92% predicted) with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and a clinically documented case of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) was examined at rest and during exercise. Pulmonary function testing revealed a normal forced vital capacity (FVC, 98.1% predicted) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (D(L(CO)), 91.2% predicted), but significant airway obstruction at rest [forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)), 66.5% predicted; forced expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF(50)), 34.3% predicted; and FEV(1) /FVC 56.5%] that was not reversible with an inhaled bronchodilator. Gas exchange worsened from rest to exercise, with the alveolar to arterial P(O2) difference (AaD(O2)) increasing from 0 at rest to 41 mmHg at maximal normoxic exercise (VO(2) = 41.4 mL/kg/min) and from 11 to 31 mmHg at maximal hypoxic exercise (VO(2) = 21.9 mL/kg/min). Arterial P(O2) decreased to 67.8 and 29.9 mmHg at maximal normoxic and hypoxic exercise, respectively. These data indicate that our subject with a history of BPD is prone to a greater degree of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia for a given VO(2) and F(I(O2)) than healthy age-matched controls, which may increase the subject's susceptibility to high altitude illness

Mass casualty events: what to do as the dust settles?

Care during mass casualty events (MCE) has improved during the last 15 years. Military and civilian collaboration has led to partnerships which augment the response to MCE. Much has been written about strategies to deliver care during an MCE, but there is little about how to transition back to normal operations after an event. A panel discussion entitled The Day(s) After: Lessons Learned from Trauma Team Management in the Aftermath of an Unexpected Mass Casualty Event at the 76th Annual American Association for the Surgery of Trauma meeting on September 13, 2017 brought together a cadre of military and civilian surgeons with experience in MCEs. The events described were the First Battle of Mogadishu (1993), the Second Battle of Fallujah (2004), the Bagram Detention Center Rocket Attack (2014), the Boston Marathon Bombing (2013), the Asiana Flight 214 Plane Crash (2013), the Baltimore Riots (2015), and the Orlando Pulse Night Club Shooting (2016). This article focuses on the lessons learned from military and civilian surgeons in the days after MCEs