Des hypothèses, des tests et des données : les noms événementiels en corpus

Cet article présente une étude sur corpus de patrons morpho-syntaxiques associés à des hypothèses interprétatives sur les noms déverbaux événementiels. Il confronte notamment certaines propositions de Grimshaw (1990) avec des usages attestés repérés en corpus et suggère de nouvelles hypothèses descriptives. L’extraction des usages attestés est réalisée à l’aide du concordancier « Corpus Workbench » sur 3 années du quotidien régional L’Est Républicain telles que mises à disposition sur le site du centre de ressources du CNRTL.Hypotheses, tests and data : deverbal event nominals through a journalistic corpus This article presents a corpus study of the morphosyntactic patterns in which deverbal event nominals can be found, and the results obtained. It compares some of Grimshaw’s (1990) proposals with uses found in a corpus and suggests new descriptive hypotheses. The extraction of attested uses has been done with the concordancier « Corpus Workbench » (CWB), a collection of open-source tools for managing and querying large text corpora. CWB has been used on 3 years of the local daily newspaper L’Est Républicain, accessible on the CNRTL resource center website

Des hypothèses, des tests et des données : les noms événementiels en corpus

Cet article présente une étude sur corpus de patrons morpho-syntaxiques associés à des hypothèses interprétatives sur les noms déverbaux événementiels. Il confronte notamment certaines propositions de Grimshaw (1990) avec des usages attestés repérés en corpus et suggère de nouvelles hypothèses descriptives. L’extraction des usages attestés est réalisée à l’aide du concordancier « Corpus Workbench » sur 3 années du quotidien régional L’Est Républicain telles que mises à disposition sur le site du centre de ressources du CNRTL.Hypotheses, tests and data : deverbal event nominals through a journalistic corpus This article presents a corpus study of the morphosyntactic patterns in which deverbal event nominals can be found, and the results obtained. It compares some of Grimshaw’s (1990) proposals with uses found in a corpus and suggests new descriptive hypotheses. The extraction of attested uses has been done with the concordancier « Corpus Workbench » (CWB), a collection of open-source tools for managing and querying large text corpora. CWB has been used on 3 years of the local daily newspaper L’Est Républicain, accessible on the CNRTL resource center website

Nombre et determination : Le cas des noms de qualite. Rivista di linguistica 19

Cet article traite des noms de qualité, qui sont des noms abstraits apparentés à des adjectifs. Nous nous concentrons plus précisément sur l'étude des noms résultant de nominalisations d'adjectifs. Nous présentons une analyse selon laquelle ces noms ont deux lectures, chacune d'entre elles couplée à une série de propriétés morphosyntaxiques, distributionnelles et interprétatives distinctes. En lecture d'occurrence, ces noms, qu'ils renvoient à des référents abstraits ou concrets, sont toujours comptables. Au contraire, lorsqu'ils sont interprétés comme des propriétés, ils sont dépourvus de projection du nombre, et fonctionnent comme des noms massifs. Ils présentent en outre le fonctionnement de noms relationnels, et sont caractérisés par la nécessaire présence au niveau syntaxique de leur argument externe. Ceci les distingue des noms événementiels, dont l'argument interne est nécessaire au plan sémantique seulement *

Number and adjectives : the case of activity and quality nominals

Dans ce travail, nous examinons le rôle de la projection syntaxique du Nombre vis-à-vis de la distribution des adjectifs dans les SN dont la tête est soit un nom de qualité, soit un nom d'activité. Nous proposons une analyse ainsi qu'une représentation syntaxique distincte pour chacun des trois emplois adjectivaux mais à jour

Nombre et détermination : le cas des noms de qualité

International audienc

Acidosis Increases MHC Class II-Restricted Presentation of a Protein Endowed with a pH-Dependent Heparan Sulfate-Binding Ability.

International audienceHeparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitously expressed molecules that participate in numerous biological processes. We previously showed that HSPGs expressed on the surface of APCs can serve as receptors for a hybrid protein containing an HS ligand and an Ag, which leads to more efficient stimulation of Th cells. To investigate whether such behavior is shared by proteins with inherent HS-binding ability, we looked for proteins endowed with this characteristic. We found that diphtheria toxin and its nontoxic mutant, called CRM197, can interact with HS. However, we observed that their binding ability is higher at pH 6 than at pH 7.4. Therefore, as extracellular acidosis occurs during infection by various micro-organisms, we assessed whether HS-binding capacity affects MHC class II-restricted presentation at different pHs. We first observed that pH decrease allows CRM197 binding to HSPG-expressing cells, including APCs. Then, we showed that this interaction enhances Ag uptake and presentation to Th cells. Lastly, we observed that pH decrease does not affect processing and presentation abilities of the APCs. Our findings show that acidic pH causes an HSPG-mediated uptake and an enhancement of T cell stimulation of Ags with the inherent ability to bind HSPGs pH-dependently. Furthermore, they suggest that proteins from micro-organisms with this binding characteristic might be supported more efficiently by the adaptive immune system when acidosis is triggered during infection

SCG10 Expression on Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Cell Motility Through Interference with Microtubules

During liver fibrogenesis, quiescent hepatic stellate cells switch their phenotype toward a myofibroblastic-like pattern with a gain in motility. Here, we show that SCG10 (superior cervical ganglia 10) mRNA expression, a microtubule-destabilizing protein that favors cell growth and motility in neurons, both increases and correlates with the stage of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We also show the de novo expression of SCG10 mRNA in two rat models of liver fibrosis. We demonstrate that activated hepatic stellate cells appear to be the major cellular sources of SCG10 in the liver. Tracking of the SCG10 pathway in hepatic stellate cells shows that SCG10 initially accumulates in the perinuclear Golgi area then migrates in small vesicle-like structures along individual microtubules. Moreover, SCG10 vesicles cluster at the distal ends of microtubules in areas where tubules are spread and decompacted, suggesting their preferential association with destabilized and dynamic microtubules. Inhibition of SCG10 expression by gene-specific short interfering RNA in primary rat hepatic stellate cells is associated with a significant reduction in microtubule-dependent cellular functions, such as proliferation and migration. In conclusion, the de novo expression of SCG10 by hepatic stellate cells may play a major role in cellular mechanisms associated with HSC activation, namely cell motility and division, through interference with microtubules. SCG10 may represent a potential molecular target for anti-fibrosis therapies

The management of acute venous thromboembolism in clinical practice - study rationale and protocol of the European PREFER in VTE Registry

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health problem, with over one million events every year in Europe. However, there is a paucity of data on the current management in real life, including factors influencing treatment pathways, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), and utilization of health care resources and the corresponding costs. The PREFER in VTE registry has been designed to address this and to understand medical care and needs as well as potential gaps for improvement. Methods/design: The PREFER in VTE registry was a prospective, observational, multicenter study conducted in seven European countries including Austria, France Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK to assess the characteristics and the management of patients with VTE, the use of health care resources, and to provide data to estimate the costs for 12 months treatment following a first-time and/or recurrent VTE diagnosed in hospitals or specialized or primary care centers. In addition, existing anticoagulant treatment patterns, patient pathways, clinical outcomes, treatment satisfaction, and health related QoL were documented. The centers were chosen to reflect the care environment in which patients with VTE are managed in each of the participating countries. Patients were eligible to be enrolled into the registry if they were at least 18 years old, had a symptomatic, objectively confirmed first time or recurrent acute VTE defined as either distal or proximal deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or both. After the baseline visit at the time of the acute VTE event, further follow-up documentations occurred at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Follow-up data was collected by either routinely scheduled visits or by telephone calls. Results: Overall, 381 centers participated, which enrolled 3,545 patients during an observational period of 1 year. Conclusion: The PREFER in VTE registry will provide valuable insights into the characteristics of patients with VTE and their acute and mid-term management, as well as into drug utilization and the use of health care resources in acute first-time and/or recurrent VTE across Europe in clinical practice. Trial registration: Registered in DRKS register, ID number: DRKS0000479