Systems for Evaluating Nonpoint Source Pollution -- An Overview

The approach of the US working group to the development of a hierarchy of mathematical models dealing with non-point-source pollution at the field level is described. The objective of the group is to use this system of models for assessing non-point-source pollution, quantifying responses from alternative management practices, and evaluating the best ones. Each model should be simple, but physically based. The following phenomena are described consecutively, with discussions of approaches to their modeling: surface and subsurface flow, deep percolation, erosion, sediment transport, and dissolved and adsorbed chemical output due to use of fertilizers and pesticides. The system is not considered to be an end in itself, but a first step towards the development of user-oriented comprehensive models

Health Promotion at School

For decades the health of children and adolescents has been a topic of interest in all parts of Europe. And there is quite a consensus that schools are the most appropriate setting to promote health. Childhood and adolescence constitute key stages for learning and adopting a health-related and active lifestyle which includes physical activity and sports. The book describes a new approach to enhance students` health awareness through experimental learning settings in P.E. class, cross-subject teaching, and project work.Teaching health topics requires a pedagogical and didactical framework based on the concept of health literacy and interdisciplinary research discussed by the authors. Teaching examples to improve students` health knowledge, health competencies and skills as well as health behaviour and habits at school implicates a new teaching structure presented in the book

Health Promotion at School

For decades the health of children and adolescents has been a topic of interest in all parts of Europe. And there is quite a consensus that schools are the most appropriate setting to promote health. Childhood and adolescence constitute key stages for learning and adopting a health-related and active lifestyle which includes physical activity and sports. The book describes a new approach to enhance students` health awareness through experimental learning settings in P.E. class, cross-subject teaching, and project work.Teaching health topics requires a pedagogical and didactical framework based on the concept of health literacy and interdisciplinary research discussed by the authors. Teaching examples to improve students` health knowledge, health competencies and skills as well as health behaviour and habits at school implicates a new teaching structure presented in the book

European and United States Case Studies in Application of the CREAMS Model

Several countries require investigation of the complex environmental consequences of agricultural management; therefore, IIASA decided to transfer the physically based CREAMS model program (developed by the US Department of Agriculture) to the Institute. The model was made operational on the Institute's computer and used by scientists from the following countries: Czechoslovakia, FRG, Finland, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, and the USSR. The main objective of this work was to perform the quantitative evaluation of the consequences of the agricultural management in different countries. The collateral objective was to make validation studies of the CREAMS model where possible. These studies are completed now, and some of them are included in this volume. They can be divided into three categories: 1. Those where some observed data are available for model validation (Finland, England); 2. Those where some observed data are available for model validation with model extension for simulation (CSSR, FRG, USA); and 3. Those without observed data and only model simulations are generated to examine possible problems associated with management (Sweden, USSR, Poland)

Hazardous Beach-System Development in Maine and Some Outcomes of the Sand Dune Rules

Damages to coastal property in southwestern Maine occur primarily as a result of storms, flooding, and erosion. Maine implemented the Sand Dune Rules in 1983 to protect sand dunes and mitigate coastal property damages. Prior to this study, no indicators of the outcome of these rules were identified or evaluated to determine the effectiveness of their implementation. Assessed building values (1987), National Flood Insurance Program claims and payments (1 978- l998), and sand dune permits (1 984- 1998) for development in Kennebunk and Saco, Maine were evaluated. A geographic information system was created to determine if (1) development on or seaward of frontal dunes or in high-velocity flood zones is at greater risk of damages than development in other beach-system areas. and (2) the setback regulations of the Sand Dune Rules have reduced the risk of damages in high-hazard areas. The indicators support the hypotheses of this study as well as the development of updated maps and an improved permit process. Managers should focus on reducing the number of buildings vulnerable to coastal hazards to mitigate the impacts on property, life, and beach systems

Water Holding Capacity of Some Irrigated Soils of Oklahoma

Agricultural Educatio

Relationship between motor and cognitive learning abilities among primary school-aged children

Background: The relationship between motor and cognitive development has already been proven in young children. However, in relation to the academic achievement the association between motor and cognitive performance still not well established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the levels of motor and cognitive learning abilities and their independent and combined associations among German primary school-children.Methods: Participants were (n = 197) between the ages of six to eight. The German motor test (DMT), the cognitive abilities test (KFT), height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured.Results: ANOVA testing found that boys perform better in long jumping and in the six minutes running test while girls perform better in balancing backwards and in deductive thinking test (p < 0.05). With maturation from ages six to eight the achievement level of both populations showed a higher performance in motor and cognitive learning abilities (p < 0.001). Concerning the combined and independent associations between the tested abilities, a significant correlation was shown between total motor and total cognitive learning abilities (p < 0.001, r = 0.60) with higher contribution of balancing backwards, six minutes running and push-up levels (r = 0.63, r = 0.62, r = 0.60, respectively) in the performance of the cognitive learning abilities (i.e. mathematical thinking, r = 0.62 and language understanding, r = 0.59).Conclusions: In conclusion, fostering the childrens’ physical fitness during the primary school age could enhance both motor and cognitive learning abilities related to the academic achievement

Role of lipid apheresis in changing times

During the last decades, LDL-apheresis was established as an extracorporeal treatment option for patients with severe heterozygous or homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) that is resistant to conventional treatment strategies such as diet, drugs, and changes in lifestyle. Nearly half a century ago, the first LDL-apheresis treatment was performed by plasma exchange in a child with homozygous FH