“I Just Kind of Felt like Country Come to Town:” College Student Experiences for Rural Students at one Flagship University

Rural undergraduate students at flagship universities in the United States are typically outnumbered by their urban and suburban peers. Students from rural demographic backgrounds bring different forms of social and cultural capital to higher education with them. This phenomenological study at a flagship university in the Deep South region of the United States examines their experiences through the lens of Constructed Environment Perspectives to assess how rural students evaluate their sense of fit at an institution of higher education. Rural students in this study noted that they began their first year of postsecondary education with a smaller social network than their nonrural peers. When necessary, rural students adapted their social and cultural capital to experience a better sense of fit by connecting with nonrural students in communal settings or by changing symbols of their cultural and social capital. Participants in this study found the residence halls to be a space that was particularly helpful in their adjustment to university life

Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection

Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun. Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection

On security evaluation of fingerprint recognition systems

This paper discusses the methodology for evaluating the security of fingerprint recognition systems. For keeping track of the multitude of potential vulnerabilities an attack tree is used. Only potential vulnerabilities specific to fingerprint verification systems are considered. The attack tree is truncated where the efforts required for a successful attack (the attack potential) can be estimated. The attack potential of the parent nodes is the aggregation of the attack potentials of the child nodes

Use of Sentinel-2 images for the detection of precursory motions before landslide failures

The Sentinel-2 optical satellites provide a global coverage of land surfaces with a 5-day revisit time at the Equator. We investigate the ability of these freely available optical images to detect precursory motions before rapid landslides. A 9-month time-series of displacement is derived from Sentinel-2 data over a major landslide in the French Alps, which exhibited a sudden reactivation in June 2016. This analysis reveals a 7-month period of low activity (<= 1 m), followed by a sudden acceleration of 3.2 +/- 1.2 m in 3 days, before the failure of a mass of about 2 to 3.6 10(6) m(3). The location of this precursory motion is consistent with that of the slow motions occurring since 2001 (about 1 m/year), as revealed by aerial photographs and LiDAR analysis. This change in activity over a very short period of time (days) emphasizes the value of the frequent revisit time of Sentinel-2, despite its medium resolution of 10 m. We finally simulate the ability of Sentinel-2 for detecting these precursory patterns before a rapid landslide occurs, based on typical Voight's laws for creeping materials, characterized by a power law exponent a. Based on this analysis and on global cloud cover maps, we compute the probability to detect pre-failure motions of landslides using the Sentinel-2 constellation. This probability is highly heterogeneous at the global scale, affected by the revisit time of the satellite and the cloud cover. However the main factors controlling this detection ability are the properties of the landslide itself (its size and the alpha parameter), with almost 100% of detection probability for alpha = 1.3 and 0% for alpha = 1.8. Despite all these limitations, probability to detect a motion before a landslide failure often reaches 50% for classical landslide parameters. These results open new perspectives for the early warning of large landslide motion from global and open source remote sensing data

Characterization of the Avignonet landslide (French Alps) using seismic techniques

International audienceThe large Avignonet landslide (40 106 m3) is located in the Trieves area (French Alps) which is covered by a thick layer of glacio-lacustrine clay. The slide is moving slowly at a rate varying from 1 cm/year near the upper scarp to over 13 cm/year at the toe. A preliminary geophysical campaign was performed in order to test the sensitivity of geophysical parameters to the gravitational deformation. In the saturated clays where the landslide occurs, the electrical resistivity and P-wave velocity are little affected by the slide. On the contrary, S-wave velocity (Vs) values in the first ten meters were found to be inversely correlated with the measured displacement rates along the slope. These results highlight the interest of measuring Vs values in the field for characterising slides in saturated clays and of developing techniques allowing the 2D and 3D imaging of slides