HI in Early-Type Galaxies

We briefly discuss the main differences between the HI properties of luminous and low-luminosity early-type galaxies. In luminous early-type galaxies the HI is often irregularly distributed, but in a few cases regular HI disks, of low surface density, are seen. In low-luminosity galaxies, the HI is more often in a disk with high central surface densities. This suggests a different evolution of the gas in these two groups of galaxies.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the conference "Gas and Galaxy Evolution" (ASP Conference Series), eds. J. Hibbard, M. Rupen, and J. van Gorko

Word service for grades one through six

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Pharmacoproteomic characterisation of human colon and rectal cancer

Most molecular cancer therapies act on protein targets but data on the proteome status of patients and cellular models for proteome-guided pre-clinical drug sensitivity studies are only beginning to emerge. Here, we profiled the proteomes of 65 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines to a depth of > 10,000 proteins using mass spectrometry. Integration with proteomes of 90 CRC patients and matched transcriptomics data defined integrated CRC subtypes, highlighting cell lines representative of each tumour subtype. Modelling the responses of 52 CRC cell lines to 577 drugs as a function of proteome profiles enabled predicting drug sensitivity for cell lines and patients. Among many novel associations, MERTK was identified as a predictive marker for resistance towards MEK1/2 inhibitors and immunohistochemistry of 1,074 CRC tumours confirmed MERTK as a prognostic survival marker. We provide the proteomic and pharmacological data as a resource to the community to, for example, facilitate the design of innovative prospective clinical trials. © 2017 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licens

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Performance Assessment for a Population of Jobs

Beginning in the early 1980s and continuing through the middle 1990s, the US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) sponsored a comprehensive research and development program to evaluate and enhance the Army\u27s personnel selection and classification procedures. It was actually a set of interrelated efforts (one major effort named Career Force, collectively known as Project A, that were carried out by the sponsor (ARI) and a contractor consortium of 3 organizations (the American Institutes for Research—AIR, the Human Resources Research Organization—HumRRO, and the Personnel Decisions Research Institute—PDRI). the purpose of this chapter is to describe the criterion measures that were developed based on the job analysis work on Project A. All of the criterion measures used in this program are described, including those developed to assess performance at the end-of-training, during a soldier\u27s 1st tour of duty (within the 1st 3 yrs), and during the 2nd tour of duty (roughly between the next 3–5 yrs of enlistment)

O LIVRO DIDÁTICO E A PRÁTICA DOS PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS: FORMAÇÃO E DOCÊNCIA

Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as concepções de professores de Ciências da Educação Básica, acerca do papel que o livro didático exerce sobre a docência, o currículo e a formação inicial e continuada. Assim, foram aplicados questionários a 12 professoras de Ciências de escolas municipais e estaduais do município de Cerro Largo - RS, os quais fazem parte de um Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (GEPECIEM), coordenado por docentes da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) em parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Após, procedemos à análise temática de conteúdo de modo que emergiram algumas categorias como: influência e importância do livro didático, inter-relações entre currículo e livro didático, metodologias, materiais e recursos didáticos utilizados no ensino de ciências, bem como a discussão relacionada ao livro didático e sua relação na formação inicial e continuada. Foi possível perceber a importância que o livro didático exerce na prática docente, muitas vezes atuando como condutor do processo pedagógico. É importante destacar os programas de formação continuada integrados a formação inicial e de professores formadores, como um espaço-tempo no qual são fortalecidas as discussões acerca do ensino de Ciências. <!--[endif] --

Genome-wide analyses reveals an association between invasive urothelial carcinoma in the Shetland sheepdog and NIPAL1

International audienceNaturally occurring canine invasive urinary carcinoma (iUC) closely resembles human muscle invasive bladder cancer in terms of histopathology, metastases, response to therapy, and low survival rate. The heterogeneous nature of the disease has led to the association of large numbers of risk loci in humans, however most are of small effect. There exists a need for new and accurate animal models of invasive bladder cancer. In dogs, distinct breeds show markedly different rates of iUC, thus presenting an opportunity to identify additional risk factors and overcome the locus heterogeneity encountered in human mapping studies. In the association study presented here, inclusive of 100 Shetland sheepdogs and 58 dogs of other breeds, we identify a homozygous protein altering point mutation within the NIPAL1 gene which increases risk by eight-fold (OR = 8.42, CI = 3.12–22.71), accounting for nearly 30% of iUC risk in the Shetland sheepdog. Inclusion of six additional loci accounts for most of the disease risk in the breed and explains nearly 75% of the phenotypes in this study. When combined with sequence data from tumors, we show that variation in the MAPK signaling pathway is an overarching cause of iUC susceptibility in dogs