Influence of the toxic effect of zinc and mineral starvation on the growth and development of buckwheat plantlets <i>in vitro</i>

Background. Common buckwheat is a cereal crop with high potential for genetic improvement in terms of developing breeding material resistant to abiotic stressors. To date, there have been no reports on in vitro production of buckwheat plantlets resistant to high doses of zinc and a lack of macronutrients.   Materials and methods. Aseptic single-node cuttings from the obtained regenerated plants of common buckwheat cultivars ‘Dikul’ and ‘Izumrud’ were cultivated in vitro on nutrient media with the addition of the selection factor ZnSO4 × 7 H2O in a concentration of 808–1313 mg/L. Survived plants were microcloned on nutrient media without macrosalts for mineral starvation modeling. Morphological traits and general nonspecific adaptation reactions of the plantlets were evaluated for the following characteristics: plant height, the number of internodes, the number of leaves, leaf blade length, the presence of roots, and leaf color.   Results. According to the results of the 33-day cultivation of test-tube microcuttings on media with zinc toxicity, 33–91 % of lines resistant to ionic stress were selected in different variants. The secondary testing of the plantlets under conditions of mineral starvation in vitro turned out to be the strongest inhibitory factor for buckwheat. At the same time, high resistance to stress was observed in cv. ‘Dikul’. Cultivation of the obtained buckwheat lines on the MS nutrient medium for two passages showed a sufficiently high level of regeneration in the studied genotypes. The test-tube buckwheat plantlets obtained under selective conditions are promising material for further breeding as well as for studying the possibility of their use as phytoremediators

Adaptive potential of spring durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) under the conditions of Primorsky Territory

Background. The research goal was to study spring durum wheat cultivars from different regions of Russia to select those that were most adapted to the conditions of Primorsky Territory and had high yield and grain quality.Materials and methods. The adaptive potential of 16 genotypes was determined through multi-environment trials at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika in 2017–2021.Results. Considerable potential for high productivity was revealed in the cultivars: ‘Solnechnaya 573’ (3.9 t/ha), ‘Donskaya elegiya’ (3.8 t/ha), ‘Lyudmila’ (3.8 t/ha), ‘Omskii izumrud’ (3.8 t/ha), and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (3.8 t/ha). Cvs. ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ (–2.1), ‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’ (–2.4), and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (–2.4) displayed significant stress resistance. ‘Lyudmila’ (4.2) and ‘Donskaya elegiya’ (4.0) had high genetic plasticity and produced high yields in the years with favorable conditions. The adaptability coefficient of cvs. ‘Solnechnaya 573’ (112.5%) and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (111.0%) exceeded 100%. ‘Donskaya elegiya’, ‘Lyudmila’, ‘Aleiskaya’, and ‘Voronezhskaya 9’ demonstrated the highest plasticity (bi &gt; 1). The most stable cultivars were ‘Omskii tsirkon’ (S2di – 0.00), ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ (S2di – 0.02), ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (S2di – 0.04), ‘Aleiskaya’ (S2di – 0.05), ‘Nikolasha’ (S2di – 0.06), and ‘Omskaya biryuza’ (S2di – 0.08). ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ and ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ were able to produce an increased yield and had the minimum yield loss under unfavorable conditions (the indicator of the yield stability of the cultivars was 134.9 and 144.8, respectively). ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ (4.8 and 1.9, respectively) and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (3.5 and 2.0, respectively) showed high homeostatic capacity and breeding value.Conclusions. ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ and ‘Solnechnaya 573’ were selected on the basis of complex evaluation for yield and adaptability under the local conditions. They can be recommended for further breeding and production

Continuous Monitoring of Information on Anode Current Distribution as Means of Improving the Process of Controlling and Forecasting Process Disturbances

За последние десятилетия система АСУТП электролиза достигла больших возможностей по улучшению сбора и обработки сигналов, которые обеспечивают основу для регулирования питания, теплового баланса и магнитогидродинамической (МГД) стабильности. Несмотря на значительное развитие, постоянно растут потребности в датчиках контроля, которые могут распознавать и реагировать на возникающие изменения. C 2008 г. на электролизерах опытного участка РА-400, расположенного в опытно-промышленном корпусе электролиза ОАО «РУСАЛ Саяногорск», эксплуатируется система непрерывного мониторинга информации о распределении тока по анодам, интегрированная в АСУТП СААТ-2. На протяжении промышленных испытаний система мониторинга постоянно совершенствовалась в части достоверности информации, обеспечения работоспособности оборудования в условиях агрессивных сред, а также при выполнении технологических и ремонтных операций на электролизере. Полученная информация о распределении тока по анодам позволила разработать алгоритмы, прогнозирующие на ранней стадии отклонения в питании глиноземом электролизера с последующим перераспределением по точкам автоматической подачи глинозема (АПГ), прогнозирование и распознавание технологических нарушений на подошве анодов («конуса»)The aluminum reduction process control system in recent decades has given great opportunities for improving the collection and processing of signals that provide the basis for the adjustment of feeding, thermal balance and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability. Despite considerable development, there is a growing need for control sensors that can detect and respond to emerging changes. Since 2008, the cells operating in the RA-400 pilot area inside the Pilot Potroom at OJSC RUSAL Sayanogorsk have been using a system for continuous monitoring of information on anode current distribution. The system has been integrated in the ‘CAAT-2’ control system. In the course of industrial tests, the monitoring system was continuously improved – in terms of information reliability, and equipment operability in aggressive environments and during pot tending & maintenance operations. The obtained information on anode current distribution allowed for developing algorithms to detect, at an early stage, variations in cell alumina feeding, including further alumina re-distribution between feed points, and forecast and detect anode bottom problems (“spike”

Оценка сортов картофеля на пригодность к переработке на хрустящий картофель и фри в условиях Приморского края

Significance. Potato products seem to be gaining popularity in Russia, especially potato chips and french fries. The processing of potato into food products reduces storage losses and the amount of transportation needed and allows the nutritional potential of potato to be harnessed fully. However, only a minor part of all produced potato is processed in Primorsky kray by small-scale enterprises. The lack of high quality raw material is the main reason for that. The research aim was to evaluate potato varieties from our collection nursery for the traits that determine potato suitability for the production of potato chips and french fries.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the experimental fields of the Department of potato breeding and horticulture, FSBIS “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, in 2019-2021. One hundred and eighty potato hybrids of various origin and from different maturity groups were used as the research object. The evaluation was conducted according to the guidelines on the assessment of potato varieties for their suitability for processing and storage with a few additions.Results. The conditions in 2019 were the most favorable for yield formation in medium-early (32.3 t/ha), mid-season (31.9 t/ha) and medium-late (33.1 t/ha) varieties. Early varieties were observed to have the highest mean yield in 2021 (34.0 t/ha). Biochemical parameters (the dry matter content) and the content of reducing sugars were optimal (22-24 % and less than 0.26 %, respectively) in varieties Vektar, Zhuravinka, Darnitsa, Pamyati Rogacheva, Lady Rosetta, VR 808. The morphological parameters (the shape of tubers, the quantity and depth of potato eyes) of varieties Severnyi, Bryanskii delikates, Danaya, Kurazh, Sante, Dubrava, Nayada made them the most suitable for the production of potato chips. Varieties Kolette, Narka, Innovator, Vdokhnovenie were determined to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. Based on the complex of morphological and biochemical parameters, 29 potato varieties were selected for the production of potato chips and 26 varieties were approved for the production of french fries. The degree of suitability varied from 6.4 to 8 points. Under the conditions of Primorsky kray, varieties Sante, Tanai, Nayada. Alyaska, Krasa Meshchery, Kazachok generate the most interest for the production of potato chips. Varieties Liga, Vesna Belaya, Udacha, Utenok, Charodei, Ocharovanie, Rikarda appear to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. These varieties have a high degree of suitability after harvest and good yield.Актуальность. Производство картофелепродуктов в России приобретает всю большую популярность, особенно изготовление хрустящего картофеля и замороженного фри. Переработка картофеля на продукты питания позволяет сократить транспортные перевозки, потери при хранении и полнее использовать пищевую ценность картофеля. При этом в Приморском крае перерабатывается лишь незначительная часть картофеля небольшими предприятиями. Связано это в первую очередь с недостатком качественного сырья, отвечающего требованиям переработки. Целью исследований являлось изучение сортов картофеля коллекционного питомника по основным признакам, определяющим пригодность к переработке на хрустящий картофель и фри.Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на экспериментальной базе отдела картофелеводства и овощеводства ФГБНУ «ФНЦ агробиотехнологий Дальнего Востока им. А.К. Чайки» в 2019-2021 годах. Объектом исследований являлись 180 образцов картофеля различного происхождения и срока созревания. Оценку выполняли в соответствии с методическими указаниями по оценке сортов картофеля на пригодность к переработке и хранению с небольшими дополнения.Результаты. Наиболее благоприятным по формированию урожайности для среднеранних (32,3 т/га), среднеспелых (31,9 т/га) и среднепоздних (33,1 т/га) сортов являлся 2019 год. Максимальная средняя урожайность у сортообразцов раннего срока созревания (34,0 т/га) отмечена в 2021 году. По оптимальным биохимическим показателям (содержание сухого вещества (22-24%) и массовой доли редуцирующих сахаров (не более 0,26%) выделены сорта: Вектар, Журавинка, Дарница, Памяти Рогачева, Леди Розетта, ВР 808. По морфологическим параметрам (форма клубня, количество и глубина залегания глазков) на хрустящий картофель: Северный, Брянский деликатес, Даная, Кураж, Сантэ, Дубрава, Наяда; на картофель фри: Колетте, Нарка, Инноватор, Вдохновение. По комплексу морфологических и биохимических признаков выделены: для переработки на хрустящий картофель 29 сортов и для производства картофеля фри – 26, имеющих разную степень пригодности (8-6,4 балла). В условиях Приморского края наибольший интерес представляют сорта на хрустящий картофель (Сантэ, Танай, Наяда. Аляска, Краса Мещеры, Казачок), картофель фри (Лига, Весна Белая, Удача, Утенок, Чародей, Очарование, Рикарда), имеющие высокий балл пригодности для переработки в послеуборочный период и хорошую урожайность

Применение методов биотехнологии в безвирусном семеноводстве картофеля

Relevance. Plants of potato varieties are carriers of viral pathogens in a latent form. These viruses can be transmitted to clonal progeny of the carriers. The system of virus-free seed production facilitates the elimination of the viruses in seed potatoes and preserves the high productivity of potato varieties. The research goal was to develop a scheme for virus elimination in potato using biotechnological methods and to introduce this scheme in the production of virus-free tubers under the conditions of Primorsky krai.Material and methods. New promising variety Moryak (breeding number Pri-08-11-1), which was created in FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, was used as the research object. The mean yield of the new genotype is 34.1 t/ha, the potential yield is 40.1 t/ha. The dry matter content is 18.13-23.85%, the starch content is 12.10-17.24%, and the content of vitamin C is 17.46-23.12 mg/100 g. This variety has a high keeping quality of tubers (92.2-94.4%) and resistance to excessive soil moisture. Tissue culture and chemotherapy in combination with ribavirin (a concentration of 0.02-0.03%) and chitosan (0.01-0.1%) were used for virus elimination. Sprouts from the original tubers and plantlets were tested by EIA and qPCR for latent infection (PVX, PVY, PVA, PVS, PVM, PLRV).Results. A sequential increase in the concentration of ribavirin (from 0.02 to 0.03%) and chitosan (from 0.01 to 0.1%) and their alternation in different passages proved to be an effective method for virus elimination in plantlets. As the result of the research, the new scheme for the elimination of the most economically important potato viruses was developed and introduced, and virus-free seed material was obtained.Актуальность. Растения сортов картофеля являются носителями вирусных патогенов в латентной форме, которые передаются клоновому потомству. Освобождение семенного картофеля от вирусной инфекции и сохранение высокопродуктивных качеств сортов обеспечивается системой безвирусного семеноводства картофеля. Цель исследований – разработать схему оздоровления картофеля с использованием методов биотехнологии и применить ее в безвирусном семеноводстве в условиях Приморского края.Материал и методика. В качестве объекта исследования был взят перспективный сорт картофеля Моряк (селекционный номер При-08-11-1), созданный в ФГБНУ «ФНЦ агробиотехнологий Дальнего Востока им. А.К. Чайки». Средняя урожайность нового генотипа – 34,1 т/га, потенциальная – 40,1 т/га. Содержание сухого вещества – 18,13…23,85 %, крахмала – 12,10…17,24%, витамина С – 17,46…23,12 мг/100 г. Обладает устойчивостью к переувлажнению почвы, характеризуется высокой лежкоспособностью (92,2…94,4%). В процессе оздоровления применяли метод культуры ткани in vitro с химиотерапией, используя противовирусные препараты рибавирин (концентрация 0,02…0,03 %) и хитозан (0,01…0,1%). Проростки исходных клубней и микрорастения тестировали методами ИФА и ПЦР анализа RQ/Ct на скрытую зараженность такими хозяйственно значимыми вирусами, как PVX, PVY, PVA, PVS, PVM, PLRV.Результаты. Последовательное увеличение концентрации противовирусных препаратов рибавирина (с 0,02 до 0,03%) и хитозана (с 0,01 до 0,1%) и их чередование в разных пассажах – эффективный прием в оздоровлении микрорастений. В результате исследований разработана и применена схема по освобождению картофеля от хозяйственно значимых вирусов и получен оздоровленный материал

First Community-Wide, Comparative Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry Study

The number of publications in the field of chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to derive constraints for protein three-dimensional structure modeling and to probe protein-protein interactions has increased during the last years. As the technique is now becoming routine for in vitro and in vivo applications in proteomics and structural biology there is a pressing need to define protocols as well as data analysis and reporting formats. Such consensus formats should become accepted in the field and be shown to lead to reproducible results. This first, community-based harmonization study on XL-MS is based on the results of 32 groups participating worldwide. The aim of this paper is to summarize the status quo of XL-MS and to compare and evaluate existing cross-linking strategies. Our study therefore builds the framework for establishing best practice guidelines to conduct cross-linking experiments, perform data analysis, and define reporting formats with the ultimate goal of assisting scientists to generate accurate and reproducible XL-MS results

ASSESSMENT OF WEEVIL DAMAGE DEGREE OF BUCKWHEAT VARIETIES IN PRIMORSKY KRAI

The basic pest of buckwheat in Primorsky Krai is buckwheat weevil (Rhinoncus sibiricus Faust). The researches established that harmfulness of buckwheat weevil is seen during the whole period of vegetation and productivity loss is about 40% in average. The weevils make small round holes in the leaves, reducing assimilating surface of a leaf, and larvae damage the stem from the first to the fifth nod. It results in the curve of a stam, lodging and fracture. We carried out an assessment of weevil damage degree of buckwheat varieties in ecologic and competitive trials in Primorsky Krai. As a subject of the trials we took 37 varieties, 20 of which were de-veloped in Primorsky RIA, the rest ones were developed in All-Russian research Institute of Legumes and Groats, Tatarsky RIA, Bashkiriya RIA, Institute of Biologic Development after N.K. Koltsov. The carried out study showed that weevil damage degree of buckwheat varieties in ecologic and competitive trials was 42,5-89,3% in the period of germination and – 50,0-99,5% in the period of maturation. Weevil damage degree of leaves and stems didn’t depend on morphotype (indeterminate or determinate), color of flowers, ploidy level, period of vegetation, ecologic-geographical origin of the variety. We extracted a variety ‘Primorskaya 373’ of Primorsky RIA breeding and a determinate variety ‘Dizain’ of RIA of Legumes and Groats breeding, characterized by larvae damage of stem in the period of maturation on 60 and 50% respectively. The damage of a standard variety ‘Izumrud’, which is characterized with high productivity, was 75%

CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN YOUNG WOMEN: PROBLEMS OF DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION

In developed countries, cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death for women aged over 55 years. Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality is higher in women than in men, which is partly explained by CHD diagnostic problems due to different, gender-specific clinical manifestations of the disease