Grandparental investment facilitates harmonization of work and family in employed parents: A lifespan psychological perspective

The target article emphasizes the need to identify psychological mechanisms underlying grandparental investment, particularly in low-risk family contexts. We extend this approach by addressing the changing demands of balancing work and family in low-risk families. Taking a lifespan psychological perspective, we identify additional motivators and potential benefits of grandparental investment for grandparents themselves and for subsequent generation

Correspondence Between Retrospective and Momentary Ratings of Positive and Negative Affect in Old Age: Findings From a One-Year Measurement Burst Design

Objectives and Method. Using 5 measurement bursts spanning 1 year, this study examined correspondences between retrospective end-of-year ratings and momentary ratings of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in 53 older adult participants from the Berlin Aging Study. Results. Average momentary assessments were moderately positively correlated with retrospective ratings of PA and NA. Hierarchical regression analyses further indicate that mean momentary PA best predicted retrospective PA over and above peak or recent momentary PA, whereas no such pattern emerged for NA. No evidence for age differences in these patterns was found. Discussion. Our discussion focuses on the implications of affective memory biases for examining affective experiences as they occur in peoples' daily lives and points to implications concerning methods and theory developmen

Linking Possible Selves and Behavior: Do Domain-Specific Hopes and Fears Translate Into Daily Activities in Very Old Age?

We used time-sampling information from a subsample of the Berlin Aging Study (N = 83; M = 81.1 years) to investigate the link between possible selves in three domains (health, everyday cognition, and social relations) and performance of daily activities. In the domains of health and social relations, hoped-for selves were associated with higher probabilities of performing daily activities in those domains. There were no associations in the cognitive domain or between feared selves and activities. Individuals who engaged in hope-related activities reported concurrent higher positive affect and subsequently had a higher probability of survival over a 10-year period. These findings speak to important associations between beliefs about possible selves and activities in advanced old age and the value of considering associations between microlevel and macrolevel indicators of successful agin

EBV, HHV8 and HIV in B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma in Kampala, Uganda

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>B cell non Hodgkin lymphomas account for the majority of lymphomas in Uganda. The commonest is endemic Burkitt lymphoma, followed by diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). There has been an increase in incidence of malignant lymphoma since the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. However, the possible linkages of HHV8 and EBV to the condition of impaired immunity present in AIDS are still not yet very clearly understood.</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p indent="1">1. To describe the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpes virus 8 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma biopsy specimens in Kampala, Uganda.</p> <p indent="1">2. To describe the histopathology of non Hodgkin lymphoma by HIV serology test result in Kampala, Uganda</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Tumour biopsies specimens from 119 patients with B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma were classified according to the WHO classification. Immunohistochemistry was used for detection of HHV8 and in situ hybridization with Epstein Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) for EBV. Real time and nested PCR were used for the detection of HIV.</p> <p>The patients from whom the 1991-2000 NHL biopsies had been taken did not have HIV serology results therefore 145 patients biopsies where serology results were available were used to describe the association of HIV with non Hodgkin lymphoma type during 2008-2009.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, the majority (92%) of the Burkitt lymphomas and only 34.8% of the diffuse large B cell lymphomas were EBV positive. None of the precursor B lymphoblastic lymphomas or the mantle cell lymphomas showed EBV integration in the lymphoma cells.</p> <p>None of the Burkitt lymphoma biopsies had HIV by PCR. Of the 121 non Hodgkin B cell lymphoma patients with HIV test results, 19% had HIV. However, only 1(0.04%) case of Burkitt lymphoma had HIV. All the tumours were HHV8 negative.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The majority of the Burkitt lymphomas and two fifths of the diffuse large B cell lymphomas had EBV. All the tumours were HHV8 negative. Generally, the relationship of NHL and HIV was weaker than what has been reported from the developed countries. We discuss the role of these viruses in lymphomagenesis in light of current knowledge.</p

Spatial and temporal patterns and the influence of abiotic factors on larval fish catches in the lower Niobrara River, Nebraska

The Niobrara River has a natural hydrograph and temperature regime with the lower 32 km protected under the National Wild and Scenic River system managed by the National Park Service. The largest threat to this river is decreased instream flows due to water withdrawals for agriculture. The Niobrara River a large tributary to the Missouri River may positively influence fish production. However, no information exists regarding phenology of fish spawning or what abiotic factors may influence spawning. Our objectives were to examine the taxonomic composition and the spatial and temporal patterns of the larval fish assemblage in relation to environmental variables in the lower Niobrara River. Larval fish sampling occurred weekly from April to August in 2008 and May to August 2009 with drift nets set in the Niobrara River at two sites: the mouth and 63 kilometers upstream. Each year, larval fish first appeared in the drift during the second week of May and were collected until the third week of August. Larval river carpsuckers Carpiodes carpio were the most abundant species in the drift during early-June, followed by red shiners Notropis lutrensis and sand shiners Notropis stramineus in late-June to mid-August, with Lepomis spp. appearing during late-June to late-July. No diel cycle in occurrence of larval fish in the drift was observed and likely resulted from the naturally high turbidity (mean nephelometric turbidity unit [NTU] \u3e 74). Larval fish densities were 24% higher in 2009 compared to 2008. Spatially, the greatest numbers of larval fish for most fish species were collected at our upstream site located immediately downstream of Spencer Dam. Differences in environmental variables were found among sites and years as mean water temperature, velocity, and turbidity were higher and dissolved oxygen was lowest at the mouth site in 2009. The results of canonical correspondence analysis found red shiners and sand shiners were associated with high water temperatures with low stable flows found late summer. Larval flathead chubs Platygobio gracilis and common carp Cyprinus carpio abundance was positively related to dissolved oxygen and water velocity and negatively with water temperature. River carpsuckers were associated with high water velocities and moderate water temperatures while Lepomis spp. were positively associated with high conductivity and high water temperatures. Fish species that successfully spawned in the lower Niobrara River are adapted to extreme temperatures, high variability in discharge, turbidity, and sediment load. Based on the importance of abiotic factors affecting larval fish abundances, a reduction in in-stream flows would likely jeopardize native fish populations and eliminate some productivity of fish in this river