2,408 research outputs found
Muon-induced neutrons do not explain the DAMA data
We present an accurate model of the muon-induced background in the DAMA/LIBRA
experiment. Our work challenges proposed mechanisms which seek to explain the
observed DAMA signal modulation with muon-induced backgrounds. Muon generation
and transport are performed using the MUSIC/MUSUN code, and subsequent
interactions in the vicinity of the DAMA detector cavern are simulated with
Geant4. We estimate the total muon-induced neutron flux in the detector cavern
to be cm s. We predict
counts/day/kg/keV, which accounts for less than of
the DAMA signal modulation amplitude.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PR
Spatiotemporal investigation of nonlinear coupling and energy transfers in drift wave turbulence
Curvature invariants in type N spacetimes
Scalar curvature invariants are studied in type N solutions of vacuum
Einstein's equations with in general non-vanishing cosmological constant
Lambda. Zero-order invariants which include only the metric and Weyl (Riemann)
tensor either vanish, or are constants depending on Lambda. Even all
higher-order invariants containing covariant derivatives of the Weyl (Riemann)
tensor are shown to be trivial if a type N spacetime admits a non-expanding and
non-twisting null geodesic congruence.
However, in the case of expanding type N spacetimes we discover a
non-vanishing scalar invariant which is quartic in the second derivatives of
the Riemann tensor.
We use this invariant to demonstrate that both linearized and the third order
type N twisting solutions recently discussed in literature contain
singularities at large distances and thus cannot describe radiation fields
outside bounded sources.Comment: 17 pages, to appear in Class. Quantum Gra
Physical Origin of the Boson Peak Deduced from a Two-Order-Parameter Model of Liquid
We propose that the boson peak originates from the (quasi-) localized
vibrational modes associated with long-lived locally favored structures, which
are intrinsic to a liquid state and are randomly distributed in a sea of
normal-liquid structures. This tells us that the number density of locally
favored structures is an important physical factor determining the intensity of
the boson peak. In our two-order-parameter model of the liquid-glass
transition, the locally favored structures act as impurities disturbing
crystallization and thus lead to vitrification. This naturally explains the
dependence of the intensity of the boson peak on temperature, pressure, and
fragility, and also the close correlation between the boson peak and the first
sharp diffraction peak (or prepeak).Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, An error in the reference (Ref. 7) was correcte
Recommended from our members
Use of Practice-Based Research Network Data to Measure Neighborhood Smoking Prevalence
Introduction: Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs) and health systems may provide timely, reliable data to guide the development and distribution of public health resources to promote healthy behaviors, such as quitting smoking. The objective of this study was to determine if PBRN data could be used to make neighborhood-level estimates of smoking prevalence. Methods: We estimated the smoking prevalence in 32 greater Boston neighborhoods (population = 877,943 adults) by using the electronic health record data of adults who in 2009 visited one of 26 Partners Primary Care PBRN practices (n = 77,529). We compared PBRN-derived estimates to population-based estimates derived from 1999–2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data (n = 20,475). Results: The PBRN estimates of neighborhood smoking status ranged from 5% to 22% and averaged 11%. The 2009 neighborhood-level smoking prevalence estimates derived from the BRFSS ranged from 5% to 26% and averaged 13%. The difference in smoking prevalence between the PBRN and the BRFSS averaged −2 percentage points (standard deviation, 3 percentage points). Conclusion: Health behavior data collected during routine clinical care by PBRNs and health systems could supplement or be an alternative to using traditional sources of public health data
Severe Plastic Deformation and Phase Transformations in High Entropy Alloys: A Review
This review discusses an area of expertise that is at the intersection of three large parts of materials science. These are phase transformations, severe plastic deformation (SPD), and high-entropy alloys (HEA). First, SPD makes it possible to determine the borders of single-phase regions of existence of a multicomponent solid solution in HEAs. An important feature of SPD is that using these technologies, it is possible to obtain second-phase nanoparticles included in a matrix with a grain size of several tens of nanometers. Such materials have a very high specific density of internal boundaries. These boundaries serve as pathways for accelerated diffusion. As a result of the annealing of HEAs subjected to SPD, it is possible to accurately determine the border temperature of a single-phase solid solution area on the multicomponent phase diagram of the HEA. Secondly, SPD itself induces phase transformations in HEAs. Among these transformations is the decomposition of a single-phase solid solution with the formation of nanoparticles of the second phase, the formation of high-pressure phases, amorphization, as well as spinodal decomposition. Thirdly, during SPD, a large number of new grain boundaries (GBs) are formed due to the crystallites refinement. Segregation layers exist at these new GBs. The concentration of the components in GBs differs from that in the bulk solid solution. As a result of the formation of a large number of new GBs, atoms leave the bulk solution and form segregation layers. Thus, the composition of the solid solution in the volume also changes. All these processes make it possible to purposefully influence the composition, structure and useful properties of HEAs, especially for medical applications
- …