The medical workers in a system of rural healthcare: the problems and contardictions

The paper is based the results of sociological research conducted in the villages of Dalmatovo district of Kurgan region considers the problems and contradictions of interaction of medical workers and patients during the recently completed modernization of Russian healthcare. The paper are shown the preferences of medical workers and patients in a choice of the interaction’s model, the critical relation of medical personnel to the modernization of Russian healthcare, the threat of commercialization of medical service for rural inhabitants.В данной работе на основе результатов социологического исследования, проведенного в селах Далматовского района Курганской области, рассматриваются проблемы и противоречия взаимодействия медицинских работников и пациентов в ходе завершенной недавно модернизации российского здравоохранения. Продемонстрированы предпочтения медицинских работников и пациентов в выборе модели взаимодействия, критическое отношение медицинского персонала к модернизации, опасность коммерциализации медицинского обслуживания для сельского населения

Interaction of medical workers with parients in the modern medical service in rural areas

В статье представлены определенные результаты социологического исследования, проведенного в августе 2016 г. среди медицинских работников Свердловской и Курганской областей. Медицинский персонал сельских медицинских учреждений был опрошен на предмет отношения к пациентам сельских поселений. Методологической базой социологического исследования послужила типология социального взаимодействия между врачом и пациентом американского философа Р. Витча, предложившего определенные модели (типы): патерналистская (врач является отцом или начальником для пациента), коллегиальная (отношение врача и пациента напоминают участников симпозиума, дискуссии), инженерная (врач представляет пациента как «сломанный механизм»), контрактная (медперсонал и пациенты – равноправные стороны договора, устного или письменного). В заключение статьи автор обобщает основные результаты интервью с врачами по теме взаимоотношений с пациентами: потеря авторитета врача среди пациентов; происходит смешение патерналистского и коллегиального типов взаимодействия; противоречие между пережитками патернализма и современным медицинским обслуживанием, ориентированным на получение прибыли от продажи услуг и товаров; сельские медработники выступают за реабилитацию некоторых черт советского здравоохранения: бюджетная основа финансирования, функции контроля над пациентами остаются за врачами; дифференциация заработных плат среди врачей, фельдшеров и медсестер.The article presents the certain results of the survey conducted in August 2016 among medical workers of the Sverdlovsk and Kurgan regions. The medical personnel in the rural medical facilities have been questioned on the subject of the relationship to patients in rural areas. The methodological base of sociological research was a typology of social interaction between doctor and patient of American philosopher R. Veatch proposed the certain models (types): paternalistic (the doctor is the father or boss of the patient), collegial (doctor-patient relationship reminds the participants of the symposium, discussion), engineering (the doctor thinks of the patient as a «broken gear»), contractual (the medical personnel and the patients are the equal parties to the oral or written agreement). In conclusion the author of the article summarizes the main results of the interviews with the doctors on the subject of relationships with patients: the loss of the medical workers credibility among the patients; there is a mixture of paternalistic and collegial types of interaction; the contradiction between the vestiges of paternalism and the modern medical service system focused on making a profit from the sale of goods and services; the rural medical workers are in favor of the rehabilitation of some elements of the Soviet health care: the budget base funding, the control functions over patients remain for the doctors; the differentiation of wages among doctors, paramedics and nurses

Globalization and treats to national security

УДК 343.9.01Subject. The article is devoted to the criminological characteristics of globalization, its im-pact on the criminality of law enforcement.Aim. The aim of the authors is to identify the locations of different types of globalization in the system of criminogenic factors and threats to national security, but also offer criminal legal means of eliminating such threats.Methodology. The authors use methods of criminological analysis, the conceptual apparatus of the interdisciplinary theory of security as well as sociological methods (survey).Results, scope of application. Globalization is an extremely controversial process, that has both positive (anticriminogenic) and negative (criminogenic) sides and the consequences. The contradictory nature of globalization is reflected in the fact that it's an objectively subjective process. The authors note the construction of the myths of globalization in the scientific consciousness. The authors questioned the objectivity of the arguments in favour of corporatization of state unitary enterprises and noted that this process as a manifestation of economic globalization leads to their notable criminalization. The article notes that the conditions for the appropriation of other people's property appears in the process of contemporary economic globalization. Unexpected results of a survey conducted by the authors showed that the possible confiscation of assets of Russian oligarchs is not considered as a security threat by many Russians.Active dissemination of the media significantly expands the possibilities for anticriminogenic information impact on the population in practice. However, this potential is used not enough. Mechanisms of the criminalization of the information space are used much more active by media to manipulate mass consciousness in the interests of the subjects of glob-alization. The authors identified levels of such manipulation and the proposed criminal legal methods to prevent it.Conclusions. National security threats generated by globalization should be eliminated by criminal-legal means

Problems of rural medical service system operating in medical workers’ opinion

В статье представлены результаты социологического исследования в сельских поселениях Курганской области, посвященного проблемам функционирования системы медицинского обслуживания. Представлены основные проблемные зоны здравоохранения, риски, возникающие в современных условиях труда, противоречия современной реформы в системе медицинского обслуживания. Показан высокий уровень неудовлетворенности медицинского персонала условиями труда, главной причиной которого является недостаточное финансирование сельских медицинских учреждений, увеличение врачебных участков и нагрузки. Раскрывается мнение врачей относительно улучшения здравоохранения через возрождение системы медицинского обслуживания советского типа. Автор предлагает рекомендации, которые могут быть использованы при усовершенствовании условий труда медицинского персонала.The article is presented results of the sociological studies of Kurgan region villages; our studies concern problems of medical service system operating. Medical workers of Kurgan region villages helped to reveal the main problem zones of health care, risks of modern labor conditions, define the contradictions of modern reforms in medical service system. Medical personnel has voiced high level to labor conditions’ dissatisfactions by reason what is a low financing rural medical institutions. They have expressed worry for extension of work’s area of one medical workers’ group and loads. Doctors do not present improvement of health care without rebirth of medical service system in soviet type. In conclusion author voices to recommendations which can be used at improvement of the labor conditions of medical personnel.Публикация подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РГНФ, проект № 16-33-00008

Методология уголовно-правового прогнозирования

The subject. Criminal law forecasting is a scientifically based analysis of the prospects for the development of criminal law in order to optimize criminal legislation and the practice of its application. Its subject includes: foreseeing the needs of society in the criminal law regulation of public relations, their criminalization and decriminalization; the dynamics of the development of criminal law relations in society, the development of a criminal law concept of combating socially dangerous phenomena for the foreseeable period; foreseeing the consequences of changes in criminal legislation; the presence of real prerequisites for its application; prognostic assessments of the effectiveness of criminal law norms in the process of law-making and law-realization activities; scenarios and models for the implementation of criminal law institutions and norms; technologies for combating criminality in the application of criminal law norms; prospectsfor the development of the science of criminal law itself, taking into account its scientific potential.The purpose of the article is to establish the ideology and main trends in the development of criminal legislation and the practice of its application in post-Soviet Russia, to determine the methodology for the modernization of criminal policy in the new geopolitical conditions.The methodology of research includes axiological and system approaches, determinative analysis, search and normative forecasting, extrapolation, expert assessments, modeling.The main results, scope of application. There are two diametrically opposed ideologies that are of fundamental importance for criminal law and criminal law forecasting: 1) liberal and 2) conservative. The criminal law policy of the Russian Federation has so far developed in line with liberal ideology. Its main goal is to modernize criminal legislation in terms of decriminalizing economic crimes and humanizing the treatment of white-collar criminals. Conservative criminal law policy is based on the methodology of normative forecasting, which is aimed at achieving the desired (for the state and society) results. This methodology is based on a systematic approach. From the standpoint of this approach, the object of criminal law forecasting is an organized system with an extremely complex structure consisting of three subsystems: managing, managed and criminal law norms. The content of each of these subsystems requires corrective action in order to achieve compliance with the traditional axiological scale and common sense. It is also necessary to solve the problem of coordinating criminal law and criminological legislation.Conclusions. Criminal law forecasting allows us to formulate a number of theses that should be the basis for the concept of optimizing the criminal policy of the Russian Federation: (a) rejection of the liberal model of criminal law regulation of public relations, the transition to a conservative model, which should be dominated by state and public, not private interests; (b) recognition of organized economic and official crime as priority objects of criminallegal influence; (c) coordination of criminal-legal and criminological legislation; (d) adoption of the Federal Law "On Combating Organized Crime".Характеризуется методология уголовно-правового прогнозирования, основанная на выборе его идеологической основы, использования аксиологического и системного подходов, детерминационного анализа, экстраполяции, экспертных оценок, моделирования. Применение аппарата поискового прогнозирования показывает, что уголовно-правовая политика Российской Федерации до настоящего времени развивалась в русле либеральной идеологии и в обозримой перспективе она будет продолжена. Утверждается, что с позиций нормативного прогнозирования следует обеспечить переход к консервативной модели уголовной политики, которая должна будет ориентироваться на государственные и общественные, а не частные интересы

The medical workers in system of interaction with a patient: problems and contradictions

The article is based the results of sociological research conducted in the villages of the Dalmatovo district of the Kurgan region considers the problem of interaction of medical workers and patients during the recently completed modernization of the Russian healthcare. The paper are shown the preferences of medical workers and patients in a choice of interaction’s model, the critical relation of medical personnel to modernization of the Russian healthcare, the threat of commercialization of medical service.В статье на основе результатов социологического исследования, проведенного в селах Далматовского района Курганской области, рассматривается проблема взаимодействия медицинских работников и пациентов в ходе завершенной недавно модернизации российского здравоохранения. Показаны предпочтения медицинских работников и пациентов в выборе модели взаимодействия, критическое отношение медперсонала к модернизации российского здравоохранения, угроза коммерциализации медицинского обслуживания

The medical service of migrant workers in russia: problems and contradictions

В статье представлена проблема социальной эксклюзии иностранной рабочей силы в российской системе медицинского обслуживания. Противоречия медицинской помощи трудовым мигрантам показаны на основе анализа нормативно-правовой базы, а также результатов эмпирико-социологического исследования, проведенного социологами Приволжского федерального университета. В работе указываются проблемные зоны при реализации механизмов добровольного медицинского страхования.The article is presented the problem of social exclusion of migrant workers in Russian system of medical service. On the basis of analysis of legal acts and the results of sociological research conducted by sociologists of Volga Federal University are shown the contradictions of health care of migrant workers. The paper emphasizes the trouble spots in the realization of mechanisms of voluntary health insurance

Глобализация и угрозы национальной безопасности

УДК 343.9.01Subject. The article is devoted to the criminological characteristics of globalization, its im-pact on the criminality of law enforcement.Aim. The aim of the authors is to identify the locations of different types of globalization in the system of criminogenic factors and threats to national security, but also offer criminal legal means of eliminating such threats.Methodology. The authors use methods of criminological analysis, the conceptual apparatus of the interdisciplinary theory of security as well as sociological methods (survey).Results, scope of application. Globalization is an extremely controversial process, that has both positive (anticriminogenic) and negative (criminogenic) sides and the consequences. The contradictory nature of globalization is reflected in the fact that it's an objectively subjective process. The authors note the construction of the myths of globalization in the scientific consciousness. The authors questioned the objectivity of the arguments in favour of corporatization of state unitary enterprises and noted that this process as a manifestation of economic globalization leads to their notable criminalization. The article notes that the conditions for the appropriation of other people's property appears in the process of contemporary economic globalization. Unexpected results of a survey conducted by the authors showed that the possible confiscation of assets of Russian oligarchs is not considered as a security threat by many Russians.Active dissemination of the media significantly expands the possibilities for anticriminogenic information impact on the population in practice. However, this potential is used not enough. Mechanisms of the criminalization of the information space are used much more active by media to manipulate mass consciousness in the interests of the subjects of glob-alization. The authors identified levels of such manipulation and the proposed criminal legal methods to prevent it.Conclusions. National security threats generated by globalization should be eliminated by criminal-legal means.УДК 343.9.01Глобализация в настоящее время имеет в значительной степени негативную и криминогенную направленность. Это выражается в тенденциях приватизации государственной собственности, бегства капиталов, офшоризации экономики, а также манипулирования сознанием населения посредством информационных технологий, которые угрожают национальной безопасности Российской Федерации

The Issue of Knowledge of Students about Additional Professional Education Programs

В статье рассматриваются основные результаты социологического исследования студентов четвертого курса очного бакалавариата в декабре 2020 г. (n = 199). Одной из задач опроса было выявление информированности студентов о программах дополнительного профессионального образования (ДПО). Большинство учащихся осведомлены о наличии программ, но 21 % не проинформированы о существовании программ. 26 % опрошенных студентов заявили о необходимости в дополнительных программах обучения. В качестве главного фактора мотивации при выборе программы ДПО с большим отрывом лидирует адекватная (невысокая) стоимость. Также значимыми факторами мотивации выступают льготы при поступлении в магистратуру и перезачет пройденных курсов в качестве дисциплин в магистратуре.The article examines the main results of a sociological study of fourth-year full-time undergraduate students in December 2020 (n = 199). One of the objectives of the survey was to identify the awareness of students about programs of additional professional education (APE). Most of the students are aware of the existence of programs, but 21 % are not informed about the existence of the programs. 26 % of the surveyed students stated the need for additional training programs. Adequate (low) cost leads by a wide margin as the main motivating factor in choosing an APE program. In addition, significant factors of motivation are the benefits for admission to the master programs and the transfer of completed courses as disciplines in the master programs