65 research outputs found
Eine Diskursanalyse parlamentarischer Debatten des Deutschen Bundestags
Sexualisierte Gewalt nimmt in der öffentlichen Debatte in Deutschland
gewöhnlich nicht viel Raum ein. Anders nach der Silvesternacht 2015, in der in
Köln mehrere Hundert Frauen Opfer sexualisierter Ăbergriffe wurden: Die
VorfÀlle lösten eine hitzige öffentliche und politische Debatte aus, die sich
vorrangig um die mutmaĂlich nicht herkunftsdeutschen TĂ€ter drehte. Das
vorliegende Working Paper beschÀftigt sich vor diesem Hintergrund mit der
Frage, wie sich die Diskussion um die Silvesternacht in Köln auf den deutschen
parlamentarischen Asyldiskurs auswirkte. Es untersucht im Rahmen einer
Diskursanalyse nach Schwab-Trapp parlamentarische Debatten ĂŒber die
Silvesternacht und die sogenannte âFlĂŒchtlingskriseâ aus den Jahren 2015 und
2016
Mental Health, Social and Emotional Well-Being, and Perceived Burdens of University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Germany
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting everyoneâs daily life in
unknown measures since its outbreak. Nearly all Universities around the globe were
affected. Further, young people and University students in particular, are known to be
vulnerable for developing mental disorders. This study aims to examine the mental health
social and emotional well-being and perceived burdens of University students during
COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Germany.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and anonymous online survey
among University students assessed mental health status with standardized measures
(depressive symptoms, alcohol and drug consumption, and eating disorder symptoms),
attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived burdens, and social and
emotional aspects of the pandemic (social support, perceived stress, loneliness, and
self-efficacy).
Results: In total, N = 3,382 German University students participated. Nearly half of the
students (49%) reported that they are worried or very much worried about the COVID-19
pandemic. The majority supports the governmental lockdown measures (85%). A Patient
Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) sum score of 10 or above, indicating clinically relevant
depressive symptoms, was reported by 37% (n = 1,249). The PHQ-9 sum score was on
average 8.66 (SD = 5.46). Suicidal thoughts were indicated by 14.5%of the participants.
Levels of depressive symptoms differed significantly for the different self-rated income
changes during the pandemic (increase, decrease, no change in income). Further,
levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation differed significantly for students
from different faculties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that not being a parent,
having no indirect social contact one or two times a week, higher perceived stress,
higher experienced loneliness, lower social support, and lower self-efficacy significantly
predicted higher scores of depressive symptoms, also higher hazardous alcohol use,
and higher levels of eating disorder symptoms. Other aspects of lifestyle such as social
and cultural activities, dating, and hobbies were reported to be negatively affected during
the pandemic.
Conclusion: The present study implies that University students are vulnerable and due
to elevated depressive symptoms at risk, being hit hard by the pandemic, but are in
general coping adaptively. Low-threshold online interventions promoting help-seeking
and also targeting various mental health conditions might bridge the gap the COVID-19
pandemic opened up recently
Adaptive divergence across Southern Ocean gradients in the pelagic diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis
The Southern Ocean is characterized by longitudinal water circulations crossed by strong latitudinal gradients. How this oceanographic background shapes planktonic populations is largely unknown, despite the significance of this region for global biogeochemical cycles. Here, we show, based on genomic, morphometric, ecophysiological and mating compatibility data, an example of ecotypic differentiation and speciation within an endemic pelagic inhabitant, the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. We discovered three genotypic variants, one present throughout the latitudinal transect sampled, the others restricted to the north and south, respectively. The latter two showed reciprocal monophyly across all three genomes and significant ecophysiological differences consistent with local adaptation, but produced viable offspring in laboratory crosses. The third group was also reproductively isolated from the latter two. We hypothesize that this pattern originated by an adaptive expansion accompanied by ecotypic divergence, followed by sympatric speciation
Asteroid 2008 TC3, not a polymict ureilitic but a polymict C1 chondrite parent body? Survey of 249 Almahata Sitta fragments
On October 7, 2008, the asteroid 2008 TC3 exploded as it entered the Earthâs atmosphere, producing significant dust (in the atmosphere) and delivering thousands of stones in a strewn field in Sudan, collectively known as the Almahata Sitta (AhS) stones. About 600 fragments were officially recovered in 2008 and 2009. Further rocks were collected since the fall event by local people. From these stones, 249 were classified at the Institut fĂŒr Planetologie in MĂŒnster (MS) known as MSâxxx or MSâMUâxxx AhS subsamples. Most of these rocks are ureilitic in origin (168; 67%): 87 coarseâgrained ureilites, 60 fineâgrained ureilites, 15 ureilites with variable texture/mineralogy, four trachyandesites, and two polymict breccias. We identified 81 nonâureilitic fragments, corresponding to 33% of the recovered samples studied in MĂŒnster. These included chondrites, namely 65 enstatite chondrites (43 EL; 22 EH), 11 ordinary chondrites (OC), one carbonaceous chondrite, and one unique Râlike chondrite. Furthermore, three samples represent a unique type of enstatite achondrite. Since all AhS stones must be regarded as individual specimens independent from each other, the number of fresh ureilite and enstatite chondrite falls in our meteorite collections has been increased by several hundred percent. Overall, the samples weigh between <1 and 250âg and have a mean mass of ~15âg. If we considerâalmost 15âyears after the fallâthe mass calculations, observations during and after the asteroid entered the atmosphere, the mineralogy of the C1 stones AhS 91A and AhS 671, and the experimental work on fitting the asteroid spectrum (e.g., Goodrich et al., 2019; Jenniskens et al., 2010; Shaddad et al., 2010), the main portion of the meteoroid was likely made of the fineâgrained (carbonaceous) dust and was mostly lost in the atmosphere. In particular, the fact that C1 materials were found has important implications for interpreting asteroid 2008 TC3's early spectroscopic results. Goodrich et al. (2019) correctly suggested that if scientists had not recovered the âwaterâfreeâ samples (e.g., ureilites, enstatites, and OC) from the AhS strewn field, 2008 TC3 would have been assumed to be a carbonaceous chondrite meteoroid. Considering that the dominating mass of the exploding meteoroid consisted of carbonaceous materials, asteroid 2008 TC3 cannot be classified as a polymict ureilite; consequently, we state that the asteroid was a polymict carbonaceous chondrite breccia, specifically a polymict C1 object that may have formed by late accretion at least 50â100âMa after calciumâaluminumârich inclusions
Anxiety as a cause of attachment avoidance in women with Turner Syndrome
Working models of attachment are internal depictions of self relative to others and have been described in terms of two dimensions: (1) attachment avoidance and (2) attachment anxiety. An exploratory qualitative study was carried out to build understandings about women with Turner Syndrome (TS) and the psychosocial impact their infertility has upon salient relationships. In one-to-one semi-structured interviews, five women with TS were asked: How do you perceive your womanhood and infertility status has affected your relationships with: (1) the opposite sex, (2) siblings and (3) peers? In opposite-sex relationships, infertility status was found to arouse fear of ending up alone and anxiety over engaging in romantic relationships. In sibling relationships, jealousy was expressed in relation to disparity with sister(s) more natural maturation to womanhood, and, within peer relationships, consequences from divulging infertility status created attachment avoidance with friends. Further investigation in this area is merited
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