Accuracy of digital cadastral map of new land-cadastral measurement of part of cadastral municipality Leskovec

The purpose of this graduation thesis is to show the positional accuracy of digital cadastral map of new land-cadastral measurement on the range part of cadastral municipality Leskovec. The graphic cadastre is still used in the main part of Slovenia and it was the basis for making the digital cadastral map in this dissertation. The graduation thesis will describe the new land- cadastral measurement, which is the basic way to renovate the land cadastre evidences. This is a planned, time determined and surveyor’s unique process and can be therefore conducted and organized as a project. The graduation thesis contains the survey of the positional accuracy of digital cadastral map before and after the new land-cadastral measurement

ATIC as a link between antirheumatic drugs and regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle

Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, increase the risk of developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and/or type 2 diabetes. While inflammation is thought to be a major mechanism underlying metabolic dysregulation in rheumatic diseases, antirheumatic drugs that exert direct metabolic effects in addition to suppressing inflammation, might be particularly useful to prevent metabolic complications. Here we review antirheumatic drugs, such as methotrexate, that inhibit ATIC, the final enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthesis, responsible for conversion of ZMP to IMP. Inhibition of ATIC results in accumulation of ZMP, thus promoting activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), a major regulator of cellular energy metabolism and one of the most promising targets for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We focus especially on ATIC inhibition and AMPK activation in skeletal muscle as this is the largest and one of the most metabolically active tissues with a major role in glucose homeostasis. As an important site of insulin resistance, skeletal muscle is also one of the main target tissues for pharmacological therapy of type 2 diabetes. Finally, we review the metabolic effects of ATIC-inhibiting antirheumatic drugs and discuss whether these drugs might improve systemic glucose homeostasis by inhibiting ATIC and activating AMPK in skeletal muscle.</p

Atic as a link between antirheumatic drugs and regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle

Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, increase the risk of developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and/or type 2 diabetes. While inflammation is thought to be a major mechanism underlying metabolic dysregulation in rheumatic diseases, antirheumatic drugs that exert direct metabolic effects in addition to suppressing inflammation, might be particularly useful to prevent metabolic complications. Here we review antirheumatic drugs, such as methotrexate, that inhibit ATIC, the final enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthesis, responsible for conversion of ZMP to IMP. Inhibition of ATIC results in accumulation of ZMP, thus promoting activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major regulator of cellular energy metabolism and one of the most promising targets for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We focus especially on ATIC inhibition and AMPK activation in skeletal muscle as this is the largest and one of the most metabolically active tissues with a major role in glucose homeostasis. As an important site of insulin resistance, skeletal muscle is also one of the main target tissues for pharmacological therapy of type 2 diabetes. Finally, we review the metabolic effects of ATIC-inhibiting antirheumatic drugs and discuss whether these drugs might improve systemic glucose homeostasis by inhibiting ATIC and activating AMPK in skeletal muscle

A simplified method for consideration of dynamic hysteresis losses in a single-phase transformer model

V članku je obravnavana poenostavljena metoda upoštevanja dinamičnih histereznih izgub v modelu enofaznega transformatorja. Magnetno nelinearna karakteristika železnega jedra je upoštevana v obliki tabele, vpliv histereze pa je zajet s premikanjem omenjene karakteristike v levo in desno. Poleg vpliva histereznih izgub je v modelu transformatorja upoštevan tudi vpliv vrtinčnih izgub. Podana je primedava izmerjenih in izračunanih tokov, in sicer tako za primer brez kot tudi z upoštevanjem vrtinčnih izgub.The paper deals with, a magnetically nonlinear dynamic model of a single-phase transformer where the effects of dynamic hysteresis losses and iron core losses to be accounted for by a simplified method. The existing simplified method [4] for considering dynamic iron core losses in the form of magnetizing curve B(H), displaced to the left and to the right by factor Hhist (22), is modified. It is now suitable to be used when the magnetizing curve of the iron-core material is not available, while the magnetically nonlinear characteristic y(i) of the entire device can be determined experimentally [7]. The characteristic y(i) can be given in the form of an approximation polynomial or in the form of a look-up table. A schematic presentation of the discussed single-phase transformer is shown in Figure 1. It is used as a basis for two different circuit models presented in sections 2.1 and 2.2. The first circuit model with neglected eddy-current losses is shown in Figure 2, while the second circuit model with the eddy-current losses are accounted for by the resistor RFo is shown in Figure 3. The corresponding magnetically nonlinear single-phase transformer dynamic models is given by sets of equations (1) to (11) and (12) to (20). In the first model, only the hysteresis losses can be accounted for while the second one can handle hysteresis and eddy current losses. Both models are completed by magnetically nonlinear characteristic y(i) of the tested transformer. Section 3 describes how the hysteresis losses can be accounted for by shifting an unique magnetically nonlinear iron - core characteristic given in the form of the magnetizing curve B(H) to the left and to the right by factor Hhist. The complete approach is explained in Figure 4 where fo denotes the unique characteristic B(H). Factor Hhist (22) is defined by the hysteresis factor Khist, actual flux density B and flux density in the last turning point Brev. Equations (23) to (25) show, how partial derivatives a&ao, needed in dynamic models (equations sets (1)-(1 1) and (12)-(20)), can be determined from characteristic B(H). Expressions (26) and (27) are used to determine characteristic VI(i) from the measured applied voltage and corresponding current under transformer no-load operation. Figure 5 shows a set of characteristics VI(i) in the form of hysteresis loops determined for different amplitudes of the applied voltage. The unique characteristic y(i) used in calculations is given by end points of individual hysteresis loops. Equations (28) to (31) are used to determine magnetic reluctances Rm or partial derivatives Mao from the end points of the individual hysteresis loops shown in Figure 5. Figure 6 shows the measured hysteresis loop a), unique y(i) characteristic b) and approximation of the hysteresis loop used to account for hysteresis losses c). A corresponding comparison of the measured and calculated currents is shown in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows that a better agreement the between measured and calculated currents can be achieved if hysteresis losses are accounted for in the transformer dynamic model together with the eddy-current losses

Acoustic noise emissions caused by transformer in a DC/DC converter for welding appliactaions [!]

This paper deals with the acoustic noise emissions caused by the transformer operating as a part of DC/DC converter in an industrial resistance spot welding system. The discussed DC/DC converter is schematically shown in Fig. 1. The three-phase alternating voltages (u1, u2 and u3) are rectified and smoothed in order to obtain almost constant DC-bus voltage UDC. The H-bridge inverter is used to supply the transformerćs primary winding with voltage pulses uH. The two transformerćs secondary windings are connected to the two output rectifier diodes (D1 and D2) which provide the direct welding current iL flowing through the load represented by LL and RL. A new control scheme forresistance spot welding systems was proposed in [1,2]. During the testing of the proposed control scheme it became evident that the proposed control scheme not only improves utilization of the iron core and prevent it from becoming saturated, but also substantially reduces the acoustic noise emissions caused by the transformer. The reasons for reduction of acoustic noise emission are discussed in this paper

DNA repair factor APLF acts as a H2A-H2B histone chaperone through binding its DNA interaction surface

Genome replication, transcription and repair require the assembly/disassembly of the nucleosome. Histone chaperones are regulators of this process by preventing formation of non-nucleosomal histone-DNA complexes. Aprataxin and polynucleotide kinase like factor (APLF) is a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair factor that possesses histone chaperone activity in its acidic domain (APLFAD). Here, we studied the molecular basis of this activity using biochemical and structural methods. We find that APLFAD is intrinsically disordered and binds histone complexes (H3-H4)2 and H2A-H2B specifically and with high affinity. APLFAD prevents unspecific complex formation between H2A-H2B and DNA in a chaperone assay, establishing for the first time its specific histone chaperone function for H2A-H2B. On the basis of a series of nuclear magnetic resonance studies, supported by mutational analysis, we show that the APLFAD histone binding domain uses two aromatic side chains to anchor to the α1-α2 patches on both H2A and H2B, thereby covering most of their DNA-interaction surface. An additional binding site on both APLFAD and H2A-H2B may be involved in the handoff between APLF and DNA or other chaperones. Together, our data support the view that APLF provides not only a scaffold but also generic histone chaperone activity for the NHEJ-complex