2,795 research outputs found
A Quasi-Spherical Gravitational Wave Solution in Kaluza-Klein Theory
An exact solution of the source-free Kaluza-Klein field equations is
presented. It is a 5D generalization of the Robinson-Trautman quasi-spherical
gravitational wave with a cosmological constant. The properties of the 5D
solution are briefly described.Comment: 10 pages Latex, Revtex, submitted to GR
Two-Dilaton Theories in Two Dimensions from Dimensional Reduction
Dimensional reduction of generalized gravity theories or string theories
generically yields dilaton fields in the lower-dimensional effective theory.
Thus at the level of D=4 theories, and cosmology many models contain more than
just one scalar field (e.g. inflaton, Higgs, quintessence). Our present work is
restricted to two-dimensional gravity theories with only two dilatons which
nevertheless allow a large class of physical applications.
The notions of factorizability, simplicity and conformal simplicity, Einstein
form and Jordan form are the basis of an adequate classification. We show that
practically all physically motivated models belong either to the class of
factorizable simple theories (e.g. dimensionally reduced gravity, bosonic
string) or to factorizable conformally simple theories (e.g. spherically
reduced Scalar-Tensor theories). For these theories a first order formulation
is constructed straightforwardly. As a consequence an absolute conservation law
can be established.Comment: 23 pages, 1 tabl
A Contour Integral Representation for the Dual Five-Point Function and a Symmetry of the Genus Four Surface in R6
The invention of the "dual resonance model" N-point functions BN motivated
the development of current string theory. The simplest of these models, the
four-point function B4, is the classical Euler Beta function. Many standard
methods of complex analysis in a single variable have been applied to elucidate
the properties of the Euler Beta function, leading, for example, to analytic
continuation formulas such as the contour-integral representation obtained by
Pochhammer in 1890. Here we explore the geometry underlying the dual five-point
function B5, the simplest generalization of the Euler Beta function. Analyzing
the B5 integrand leads to a polyhedral structure for the five-crosscap surface,
embedded in RP5, that has 12 pentagonal faces and a symmetry group of order 120
in PGL(6). We find a Pochhammer-like representation for B5 that is a contour
integral along a surface of genus five. The symmetric embedding of the
five-crosscap surface in RP5 is doubly covered by a symmetric embedding of the
surface of genus four in R6 that has a polyhedral structure with 24 pentagonal
faces and a symmetry group of order 240 in O(6). The methods appear
generalizable to all N, and the resulting structures seem to be related to
associahedra in arbitrary dimensions.Comment: 43 pages and 44 figure
Gravity from Spinors
We investigate a possible unified theory of all interactions which is based
only on fundamental spinor fields. The vielbein and metric arise as composite
objects. The effective quantum gravitational theory can lead to a modification
of Einstein's equations due to the lack of local Lorentz-symmetry. We explore
the generalized gravity with global instead of local Lorentz symmetry in first
order of a systematic derivative expansion. At this level diffeomorphisms and
global Lorentz symmetry allow for two new invariants in the gravitational
effective action. The one which arises in the one loop approximation to spinor
gravity is consistent with all present tests of general relativity and
cosmology. This shows that local Lorentz symmetry is tested only very partially
by present observations. In contrast, the second possible new coupling is
severely restricted by present solar system observations.Comment: New material on absence of observational tests of local Lorentz
invariance, 21 pages, to appear in Phys.Rev.
Cosmic strings in axionic-dilatonic gravity
We first consider local cosmic strings in dilaton-axion gravity and show that
they are singular solutions. Then we take a supermassive Higgs limit and
present expressions for the fields at far distances from the core by applying a
Pecci-Quinn and a duality transformation to the dilatonic Melvin's magnetic
universe.Comment: Latex file. 16 page
TriggerZoo: A Dataset of Android Applications Automatically Infected with Logic Bombs
Many Android apps analyzers rely, among other techniques, on dynamic analysis to monitor their runtime behavior and detect potential security threats. However, malicious developers use subtle, though efficient, techniques to bypass dynamic analyzers. Logic bombs are examples of popular techniques where the malicious code is triggered only under specific circumstances, challenging comprehensive dynamic analyses. The research community has proposed various approaches and tools to detect logic bombs. Unfortunately, rigorous assessment and fair comparison of state-of-the-art techniques are impossible due to the lack of ground truth. In this paper, we present TriggerZoo, a new dataset of 406 Android apps containing logic bombs and benign trigger-based behavior that we release only to the research community using authenticated API. These apps are real-world apps from Google Play that have been automatically infected by our tool AndroBomb. The injected pieces of code implementing the logic bombs cover a large pallet of realistic logic bomb types that we have manually characterized from a set of real logic bombs. Researchers can exploit this dataset as ground truth to assess their approaches and provide comparisons against other tools
Consistent Group and Coset Reductions of the Bosonic String
Dimensional reductions of pure Einstein gravity on cosets other than tori are
inconsistent. The inclusion of specific additional scalar and p-form matter can
change the situation. For example, a D-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton
system, with a specific dilaton coupling, is known to admit a consistent
reduction on S^2= SU(2)/U(1), of a sort first envisaged by Pauli. We provide a
new understanding, by showing how an S^3=SU(2) group-manifold reduction of
(D+1)-dimensional Einstein gravity, of a type first indicated by DeWitt, can be
broken into in two steps; a Kaluza-type reduction on U(1) followed by a
Pauli-type coset reduction on S^2. More generally, we show that any
D-dimensional theory that itself arises as a Kaluza U(1) reduction from (D+1)
dimensions admits a consistent Pauli reduction on any coset of the form G/U(1).
Extensions to the case G/H are given. Pauli coset reductions of the bosonic
string on G= (G\times G)/G are believed to be consistent, and a consistency
proof exists for S^3=SO(4)/SO(3). We examine these reductions, and arguments
for consistency, in detail. The structures of the theories obtained instead by
DeWitt-type group-manifold reductions of the bosonic string are also studied,
allowing us to make contact with previous such work in which only singlet
scalars are retained. Consistent truncations with two singlet scalars are
possible. Intriguingly, despite the fact that these are not supersymmetric
models, if the group manifold has dimension 3 or 25 they admit a superpotential
formulation, and hence first-order equations yielding domain-wall solutions.Comment: Latex, 5 figures, 45 pages, minor correction
Lorentz-breaking effects in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
In this work, we study the effects of breaking Lorentz symmetry in
scalar-tensor theories of gravity taking torsion into account. We show that a
space-time with torsion interacting with a Maxwell field by means of a
Chern-Simons-like term is able to explain the optical activity in syncrotron
radiation emitted by cosmological distant radio sources. Without specifying the
source of the dilaton-gravity, we study the dilaton-solution. We analyse the
physical implications of this result in the Jordan-Fierz frame. We also analyse
the effects of the Lorentz breaking in the cosmic string formation process. We
obtain the solution corresponding to a cosmic string in the presence of torsion
by keeping track of the effects of the Chern-Simons coupling and calculate the
charge induced on this cosmic string in this framework. We also show that the
resulting charged cosmic string gives us important effects concerning the
background radiation.The optical activity in this case is also worked out and
discussed.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, ReVTex forma
A First Look at Android Applications in Google Play related to Covid-19
Due to the convenience of access-on-demand to information and business solutions, mobile apps have become an important asset in the digital world. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, app developers have joined the response effort in various ways by releasing apps that target different user bases (e.g., all citizens or journalists), offer different services (e.g., location tracking or diagnostic-aid), provide generic or specialized information, etc. While many apps have raised some concerns by spreading misinformation or even malware, the literature does not yet provide a clear landscape of the different apps that were developed. In this study, we focus on the Android ecosystem and investigate Covid-related Android apps. In a best-effort scenario, we attempt to systematically identify all relevant apps and study their characteristics with the objective to provide a First taxonomy of Covid related apps, broadening the relevance beyond the implementation of contact tracing. Overall, our study yields a number of empirical insights that contribute to enlarge the knowledge on Covid-related apps: (1) Developer communities contributed rapidly to the Covid-19, with dedicated apps released as early as January 2020; (2) Covid-related apps deliver digital tools to users (e.g., health diaries), serve to broadcast information to users (e.g., spread statistics), and collect data from users (e.g., for tracing); (3) Covid-related apps are less complex than standard apps; (4) they generally do not seem to leak sensitive data; (5) in the majority of cases, Covid-related apps are released by entities with past experience on the market, mostly official government entities or public
health organizations
From SICs and MUBs to Eddington
This is a survey of some very old knowledge about Mutually Unbiased Bases
(MUB) and Symmetric Informationally Complete POVMs (SIC). In prime dimensions
the former are closely tied to an elliptic normal curve symmetric under the
Heisenberg group, while the latter are believed to be orbits under the
Heisenberg group in all dimensions. In dimensions 3 and 4 the SICs are
understandable in terms of elliptic curves, but a general statement escapes us.
The geometry of the SICs in 3 and 4 dimensions is discussed in some detail.Comment: 12 pages; from the Festschrift for Tony Sudber
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