Epidemiology of brain tumours in Kyrgyz Republic: a population based study

Кыргызская Государственная Медицинская Академия им. И. К. Ахунбаева, г. Бишкек, Кыргызская РеспубликаОпухоли головного мозга представляют значительный интерес из-за высокой смертности и возрастающих усилий для обеспечения адекватной медицинской помощи. Целью настоящей работы было изучение встречаемости опухолей головного мозга в Кыргызской Республике. Основываясь на данных разных источников (данные компьютерно-томографического и магнитно-резонансного исследований, гистологического исследования) ретроспективно идентифицировано 886 пациентов из Кыргызстана с опухолями головного мозга за период с 2005 по 2007 гг. было проведено популяционное исследование. Изучены различия типов опухолей, возрастные и половые особенности. Более частыми первичными опухолями были нейроэпителиальные опухоли (53,5%), менингеальные опухоли (19,5%) и опухоли турецкого седла (16,5%). Групповая встречаемость первичных и вторичных опухолей головного мозга составила 30,3 и 28,3 на 100 тысяч населения соответственно. Около 50% пациентов с вторичными опухолями головного мозга имели рак легкого. Встречаемость первичных и вторичных опухолей головного мозга заметно возрастает с увеличением возраста больных. Менингеальные опухоли чаще встречались у лиц женского пола. Данное исследование показывает, что встречаемость опухолей головного мозга в Кыргызстане значительно выше, чем это ожидалось. Опухоли головного мозга являются основными причинами заболеваемости и смертности в Кыргызстане, и дальнейшие исследования этиологических факторов и совершенствование их лечения необходимы. Brain tumours cause considerable concern due to a high mortality and there are increasing efforts to provide adequate care. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of brain tumours in Kyrgyz Republic. A population based study was performed. Patients from Kyrgyz Republic with incident intracranial tumours diagnosed in 2005 and 2007 (by CT, MRI or histology) were identified retrospectively using multiple sources. Differences in incidence by tumour type, age and sex were examined. Eight hundred and eighty four patients with incident brain tumours were identified (456 primary tumours and 428 secondary tumours). The commonest primary tumours were neuroepithelial tumours (53.5%), meningeal tumours (19.5%), and sellar tumours (16.5%). The crude yearly incidences of primary and secondary tumours were 30.3 and 28.3 per 100 000 respectively. About 50% of patients with secondary tumours had an underlying lung cancer. The incidence of primary and secondary tumours increased markedly with age. Meningeal tumours were more common in women. This study shows that the incidence of intracranial tumours in Kyrgyz Republic is considerably higher than previously thought. Brain tumours are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Kyrgyz Republic, and further research into their aetiology and treatment is urgently required.Brain tumours cause considerable concern due to a high mortality and there are increasing efforts to provide adequate care. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of brain tumours in Kyrgyz Republic. A population based study was performed. Patients from Kyrgyz Republic with incident intracranial tumours diagnosed in 2005 and 2007 (by CT, MRI or histology) were identified retrospectively using multiple sources. Differences in incidence by tumour type, age and sex were examined. Eight hundred and eighty four patients with incident brain tumours were identified (456 primary tumours and 428 secondary tumours). The commonest primary tumours were neuroepithelial tumours (53.5%), meningeal tumours (19.5%), and sellar tumours (16.5%). The crude yearly incidences of primary and secondary tumours were 30.3 and 28.3 per 100 000 respectively. About 50% of patients with secondary tumours had an underlying lung cancer. The incidence of primary and secondary tumours increased markedly with age. Meningeal tumours were more common in women. This study shows that the incidence of intracranial tumours in Kyrgyz Republic is considerably higher than previously thought. Brain tumours are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Kyrgyz Republic, and further research into their aetiology and treatment is urgently required

Spectrum of Posterior Fossa Lesions: Experience at Tertiary Care Unit

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency and surgical outcome of patients with posterior fossa lesions.Material and Methods: This observational, descriptive study was conducted in the department of neurosurgery at lady reading hospital Peshawar and PUMH Nawabshah from Jan 2014 - June 2018. A total of 163 patients were observed during the study period. All those patients who undergone surgery for intra-axial posterior fossa tumors were included in the study. We included patients of both the genders and all age groups. We took approval of the study from the hospital ethical committee and informed consent was taken from the patients or their relatives. The data was entered in a specially designed Performa. Patients’ data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: We had total 163 patients during the study period who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most (80.4%) of the patients were in the pediatric age groups and male (57%). Age of the patients ranged from 1-65 years with the mean age 17.4 years. The most common tumors in our study were Medulloblastoma (33.1%), Ependymoma (22.7%) and Astrocytoma (19%) in descending orders. Hemangioblastoma and metastasis were seen in 6.1% cases each. The most common clinical features were headache (87.1 %) and vomiting (64.4%) cases. Most (74.8%) of the patients undergone sub-occipital tumor excision. The most common post-operative complications in descending orders were tumor bed hematoma (6.7%), wound infection (4.9%) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (4.9%). Total mortality was observed in 12.3% cases.Conclusion: We conclude from our study that posterior fossa tumors are more common in male children. The most frequent tumors in posterior fossa are Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma and Astrocytoma. Tumors is excision (66%) is the main treatment option. The rest need CSF diversion procedures. The main post-operative complications are tumor bed hematoma, wound infection and cerebrospinal fluid leak. Mortality is high in such patients. Most patients had good and satisfactory outcome after surgery

Эпидемиология опухолей головного мозга в Кыргызской Республике: популяционное исследование

Brain tumours cause considerable concern due to a high mortality and there are increasing efforts to provide adequate care. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of brain tumours in Kyrgyz Republic. A population based study was performed. Patients from Kyrgyz Republic with incident intracranial tumours diagnosed in 2005 and 2007 (by CT, MRI or histology) were identified retrospectively using multiple sources. Differences in incidence by tumour type, age and sex were examined. Eight hundred and eighty four patients with incident brain tumours were identified (456 primary tumours and 428 secondary tumours). The commonest primary tumours were neuroepithelial tumours (53,5%), meningeal tumours (19,5%), and sellar tumours (16,5%). The crude yearly incidences of primary and secondary tumours were 30,3 and 28,3 per 100 000 respectively. About 50% of patients with secondary tumours had an underlying lung cancer. The incidence of primary and secondary tumours increased markedly with age. Meningeal tumours were more common in women. This study shows that the incidence of intracranial tumours in Kyrgyz Republic is considerably higher than previously thought. Brain tumours are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Kyrgyz Republic, and further research into their aetiology and treatment is urgently required.Опухоли головного мозга представляют значительный интерес из-за высокой смертности и возрастающих усилий для обеспечения адекватной медицинской помощи. Цель настоящей работы - изучение встречаемости опухолей головного мозга в Кыргызской Республике. Основываясь на данных разных источников (компьютерно-томографическое и магнитно-резонансное исследование, гистологическое исследование), ретроспективно идентифицировано 886 пациентов из Кыргызстана с опухолями головного мозга за период с 2005 по 2007 г. Было проведено популяционное исследование. Изучены различия типов опухолей, возрастные и половые особенности. Более частыми первичными опухолями были нейроэпителиальные (53,5%), менингеальные (19,5%) и опухоли турецкого седла (16,5%). Групповая встречаемость первичных и вторичных опухолей головного мозга составила 30,3 и 28,3 на 100 тыс. населения соответственно. Около 50% пациентов с вторичными опухолями головного мозга имели рак легкого. Встречаемость первичных и вторичных опухолей головного мозга заметно возрастает с увеличением возраста больных. Менингеальные опухоли чаще встречались у лиц женского пола. Данное исследование показало, что встречаемость опухолей головного мозга в Кыргызстане значительно выше, чем это ожидалось. Опухоли головного мозга являются основными причинами заболеваемости и смертности в Кыргызстане, и дальнейшие исследования этиологических факторов и совершенствование их лечения необходимы

Diagnostyka histopatologiczna guzów ośrodkowego układu nerwowego

W opracowaniu diagnostycznym guzów ośrodkowego układu nerwowego (OUN) kluczowe znaczenie ma dokonanie właściwego rozpoznania neuropatologicznego. Decyduje ono o formie terapii, a ponadto określa rokowanie dotyczące przeżycia chorego. W pracy przedstawiono znaczenie najważniejszych metod służących do rozpoznawania guzów: klasycznej, w której wykorzystuje się barwienie hematoksyliną i eozyną, immunohistochemicznych, z użyciem mikroskopii elektronowej oraz biologii molekularnej, zwracając jednocześnie uwagę na wciąż podstawowe znaczenie metody klasycznej. Podkreślono, że metody immunohistochemiczne, choć nieodzowne, należy traktować jako komplementarne wobec metody podstawowej. Wskazano na zalety i wady metod śródoperacyjnych (cytopatologicznej i opartej na materiale mrożonym) oraz parafinowych, a także na najważniejsze przyczyny trudności w diagnostyce neuropatologicznej guzów OUN. Trudności te wynikają z wadliwego pobrania materiału (spoza nowotworu, zbyt mała ilość, uszkodzenie fizyczne), złego utrwalenia materiału, jego nieprawidłowego transportu, złego opracowania laboratoryjnego, a także z powodów obiektywnych - bardzo dużej heterogenności nowotworów OUN i zbyt małego doświadczenia osoby oceniającej. Podkreślono znaczenie danych klinicznych, w tym wyników badań neuroobrazowych i wyglądu śródoperacyjnego guza, którymi powinien dysponować neuropatolog, zanim postawi ostateczną diagnozę. Przeanalizowano algorytm postępowania diagnostycznego, którym neuropatolog powinien się posługiwać, by uniknąć pochopnych decyzji

Galectins as emerging glyco-checkpoints and therapeutic targets in glioblastoma

Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and aggressive brain tumor in the adult population, urging identification of new rational therapeutic targets. Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, are highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and delineate prognosis and clinical outcome in patients with GBM. These endogenous lectins play key roles in different hallmarks of cancer by modulating tumor cell proliferation, oncogenic signaling, migration, vascularization and immunity. Additionally, they have emerged as mediators of resistance to different anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy. Particularly in GBM, galectins control tumor cell transformation and proliferation, reprogram tumor cell migration and invasion, promote vascularization, modulate cell death pathways, and shape the tumor-immune landscape by targeting myeloid, natural killer (NK), and CD8+ T cell compartments. Here, we discuss the role of galectins, particularly galectin-1,-3,-8, and-9, as emerging glyco-checkpoints that control different mechanisms associated with GBM progression, and discuss possible therapeutic opportunities based on inhibition of galectin-driven circuits, either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities.Fil: Videla Richardson, Guillermo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Morris Hanon, Olivia. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Esquivel, Myrian Inés. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Mariana Belén. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ripari, Luisina Belén. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Croci Russo, Diego Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Sevlever, Gustavo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin