The Impact of Explicit Social Skills Instruction and Increased Play in a Kindergarten Special Education Classroom

The purpose of this action research project is to determine the impact of explicit social skills instruction and an increased amount of play in a kindergarten special education classroom. Data was collected to determine the effect that this intervention had on students’ behavior and academic progress. Data was collected through student referral data and Individualized Education Plan progress monitoring data. Analysis of the data collected suggested that this explicit social skills instruction and increase in play had a positive impact on student behavior in the school setting

The Subject, Feminist Theory and Latin American Texts

From a feminist perspective, this essay reviews and analyzes the interaction between metropolitan feminist theories and their interphase with the academic criticism of texts written by Latin American women. Discussion focuses on the question of the subject, which the author believes to be paramount in feminist theory, in as much as the construction of gender and the historical subordination of women devolve on the play of difference and identity. This paper examines how the problematic assumption by feminist theorists in the North American academy of Freudian and Lacanian theories of the subject pose unresolved problems and unanticipated complications to subsequent deployment of this subject theory as modes of interpretation of texts written by women in Latin America or even to the emancipatory goals on feminists in the academy. This is a case where traveling theory must be examined and evaluated very carefully. The second part of the paper concentrates on the feminist challenges that have been already made to both Freudian and Lacanian theories of the feminine. It highlights the work of Jane Flax, Nacy Chodorov, Gayatri Spivak and Judith Butler in suggesting a way out of theories that rely on the primacy of the male subject formation and therefore occlude and preclude the investigation of the modes of women\u27s agency

Improvements and New Developments in Self-Cleaning Heat Transfer Leading to New Applications

Improvements in the design have made the fluidized bed heat exchanger better suitable for the revamp of existing vertical severely fouling heat exchangers in evaporators, crystallizers and reboilers into a self-cleaning configuration. Highly viscous non-Newtonian slurries used in mineral processing can benefit from the fluidized bed heat exchanger not only due to its self-cleaning performance, but also as a result of the shear-thinning action of the fluidized particles which dramatically lowers the viscosity of the slurry. New developments have created the possibility to design compact self-cleaning fluidized bed heat exchangers which can compete with plate and frame exchangers

The sugar industry in Peru

Since the early Colonial times sugar production has been a key sector in the Peruvian export economy. This article analyzes its evolution as from the beginning of its modern phase by mid 19th Century, its consolidation in the Northern coastal region, and its concentration in scale-economy plants. The prosperity of this type of production contributed to the formation of both an oligarchy which governed the country until 1968, and the populist party (APRA) and its electoral basis (the so-called «Aprista North»). In the sixties Velasco Alvarado’s military revolution nationalized the sugar industry, which underwent structural changes leading to a serious crisis in the eighties that has not been overcome up-todate.La producción de azúcar ha constituido un importante sector en la economía exportadora del Perú desde el período colonial temprano. Este artículo analiza su evolución, sobre todo tras el inicio de su fase moderna, fechada a partir de mediados del siglo XIX, cuando se modernizó, se consolidó en la región costera septentrional y se concentró en fábricas que operaban con economías de escala. Su prosperidad, contribuyó, además, a la formación de una oligarquía que gobernó el país hasta 1968 y del partido populista, APRA, y su base electoral (el llamado «sólido Norte aprista»). La revolución militar de Velasco Alvarado nacionalizó la industria en la década de 1960 y los cambios estructurales que sufrió posteriormente le condujeron a una grave crisis en los años ochenta que aún no ha superado

ACHIEVEMENTS AND POTENTIAL OF SELF-CLEANING HEAT EXCHANGERS USING UNTREATED NATURAL SEAWATER AS A COOLANT

The fluidized bed self-cleaning heat exchange technology has been developed in the 70s for the application in thermal desalination plants, like Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) evaporators. This paper summarizes the achievements of the Multi-Stage Flash / Fluidized Bed Evaporator (MSF/FBE) in the past, but also pays attention to its market potential today, whether or not in combination with the possible revamp of existing conventional MSF plants into a better performing configuration. Further, this paper also pays attention to the application of the self-cleaning heat exchange technology for closedloop coolers or so-called ‘mother-coolers’ for large chemical plants. Last but not least, attention is paid to the application of the self-cleaning heat exchange technology on offshore platforms using untreated natural seawater as a coolant, where it might replace the conventionally used heavy, bulky, voluminous and energy-inefficient air coolers for the same service

LOW FOULING CRUDE OIL PREHEATERS: SCRAP YOUR EXISTING CONVENTIONAL CRUDE OIL PREHEATERS, REPLACE THEM BY LOW FOULING HEAT EXCHANGERS AND SAVE MONEY

In a time that crude oil prices are constantly higher than US$60 per barrel, low fouling heat exchangers can reduce total fouling cost in all crude oil preheat trains in the world with a throughput of 74 Mn bpd by 90$ 11 Bn to US$1.3 Bn and a saving on annual fouling cost of US$ 9.7 Bn. Besides this saving on fouling cost, substantial additional savings can be realized on energy by a more ‘energy efficient’ design of the crude oil preheat train. The advantages of the low fouling exchanger have been achieved by novel, although already proven, heat transfer mechanisms for both the tube-side and the shell-side of the exchanger. The tube-side applies the circulation of solid particles, which ensures ‘zero-fouling’ in the tubes in combination with very high heat transfer film coefficients, whereas the shell-side applies Grid baffles also responsible for an excellent film coefficient and a low fouling factor. Combination of above technologies in one heat exchanger realizes clean overall heat transfer coefficients or k-values, which are approximately 200% higher than in conventional heat exchangers, while the fouling rates or fouling factors in low fouling exchangers can be reduced to less than 5% of values generally applied in conventional heat exchangers. The influence of these excellent results on additional pumping power requirements are marginal. Low fouling exchangers are also characterized by their very compact design and vertical lay-out, which characteristics are responsible for a low weight and small plot area. Another advantage of the low fouling exchangers is the possibility to vary the crude oil throughput from 100% to less than 30% without losing its excellent heat transfer performance. In spite of the low fouling design, it is still possible that the shell-side might suffer from a slow build-up of fouling deposits. To avoid this, the low fouling heat exchanger can be designed in such a way that the bundle can be removed from the shell and sufficient distance between the tube rows allow for mechanical (hydro-blasting) cleaning using the standard available equipment. As to investment cost of low fouling crude oil preheat trains versus savings, it should be mentioned that at crude oil prices of US$ 60 /barrel, the low fouling crude oil preheat train with a 100% back-up in low fouling heat transfer surface shows a ‘Return Of Capital’ (ROC) of approximately 6 months. If the existing conventional heat exchangers are used as back-up, then the ROC becomes less than 4 months. In the case of an ‘energy efficient’ design and higher crude oil prices, these ROC’s drop to less than 5 months and even less than 3 months respectively. However, if only the most problematic sections of the existing problematic crude oil preheat train are replaced by low fouling heat exchangers, the ROC’s for these investments are further reduced and might come close to 2 months. The conclusion is new crude oil preheat trains should be equipped with these low fouling exchangers and existing crude oil preheat trains or sections of these trains containing conventional heat exchangers, should be modified by replacing the conventional heat exchangers with low fouling exchangers